Edge Italian Domination in some wheel related graphs

A function f:E(G) →{0,1,2} is an edge Italian dominating function (EIDF) if it satisfies the rule that every edge with weight 0 is either adjacent to an edge with weight 2 or adjacent to at least two edges with weight 1 each. The weight of an EIDF is ∑_(e∈E(G))▒〖f(e)〗. The minimum ∑_(e∈E(G))▒〖f(e)〗is the edge Italian domination number (EIDN). The symbol (γ_I ) ́ (G) is used to denote the EIDN. In this paper, we obtain the EIDN of some wheel related graphs like gear graph, helm graph, flower graph, web graph etc

Sigma Chromatic Number of Some Graphs

The Sigma coloring  of a graph G with n vertices is an injection from V(G) to {1,2,3...,n}  such that the color sums (adding  the colors of the neighbouring vertices) of any two neighbouring vertices are different. The smallest number  of  colours  needed  to color a graph G  is represented by its Sigma Chromatic number. In this article  we obtain the sigma -coloring of some graphs such as Barbell Graph, Twig graph, Shell graph,Tadpole, Lollipop, Fusing all the vertices of cycle and duplication of every edge by a vertex in cycle

Effect of Sheep Grazing and Rainfall on the Ecology of \u3cem\u3eLasiurus sindicus\u3c/em\u3e-Dominated Grassland in Hot Arid Zone of India

Thar Desert in India is very fragile owing to frequent drought and low rainfall which causes extreme stress on biodiversity of region especially on livestock due to limited seasonal grazing resources. Despite inhospitable and harsh climate, as well as anthropogenic pressures, Indian arid zone has 682 species belonging to 352 genera and 87 families. Some 63 species are introduced belonging to 37 genera and 9 families. Compared to other deserts of the world, this desert has higher number of endemic species, i.e. 6.4%. Poaceae and Leguminosae are the largest species. All these species have typical habitat-plant cover relationship resulting in major vegetation types on hills and rock outcrops, piedmonts and pediments, alluvial plains, saline flats, fresh water lakes/talavs, river and stream banks, sandy hummocky plains and sand dunes of varying shapes and sizes. CAZRI has been actively engaged since inception in assessing the status of natural vegetation, its distribution pattern, utilization trends, economic importance and degradation status at district as well as habitat level. Though fairly good understanding exists on progressive successional trends on major habitats but dynamics of retrogressive trends is poorly understood more so in varying rainfall scenarios. Hence, this study was taken up to understand these trends in respect of Lasiurus sindicus, a key grass species along with other associated species in Jaisalmer, in the extreme arid region of India

Providing Security to Wireless Packet Networks by using Optimized Security Method

Now-a-days technology is growing very fast, due to rapid development of the technology in computer arena, communication through network become a habit to the users. Communication through network is happen using two channels i.e., by connection oriented and connection less. At present users prefer wireless networks for communication and transferring data due to its flexibility. So in this paper we are focusing on wireless networking, as it is not reliable we are proposing an optimized security technique to provide security to the communication on wireless. In this paper we mainly focus on packet scheduling which plays the vital role in the transmission of data over wireless networks. We are using optimized security technique to secure the packets at initial level itself while scheduling the packets. Keywords: Real-Time Packets, Packet Scheduling, Wireless Networks, Security, Cryptography, Secret key, Bandwidth

Application of Soft Computing for the Prediction of Warpage of Plastic Injection

This paper deals with the development of accurate warpage prediction model for plastic injection molded parts using softcomputing tools namely, artificial neural networks and support vector machines. For training, validating and testing of thewarpage model, a number of MoldFlow (FE) analyses have been carried out using Taguchi’s orthogonal array in the designof experimental technique by considering the process parameters such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure,packing time and cooling time. The warpage values were found by analyses which were done by MoldFlow PlasticInsight (MPI) 5.0 software. The artificial neural network model and support vector machine regression model have beendeveloped using conjugate gradient learning algorithm and ANOVA kernel function respectively. The adequacy of the developedmodels is verified by using coefficient of determination. To judge the ability and efficiency of the models to predictthe warpage values absolute relative error has been used. The finite element results show, artificial neural network modelpredicts with high accuracy compared with support vector machine model

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of conjugated bile salt hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum

Conjugated bile salt hydrolase (BSH) catalyses the hydrolysis of the amide bond that conjugates bile acids to glycine and to taurine. The BSH enzyme from Bifidobacterium longum was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and crystallized. Crystallization conditions were screened using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystal growth, with two distinct morphologies, was optimal in experiments carried out at 303 K. The crystals belong to the hexagonal system, space group P622 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 124.86, c = 219.03 Angstrom, and the trigonal space group P321, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 125.24, c = 117.03 Angstrom. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 2.5 Angstrom spacing. Structure determination using the multiple isomorphous replacement method is in progress

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of conjugated bile salt hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum

Conjugated bile salt hydrolase (BSH) catalyses the hydrolysis of the amide bond that conjugates bile acids to glycine and to taurine. The BSH enzyme from Bifidobacterium longum was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and crystallized. Crystallization conditions were screened using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystal growth, with two distinct morphologies, was optimal in experiments carried out at 303 K. The crystals belong to the hexagonal system, space group P622 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 124.86, c = 219.03 Angstrom, and the trigonal space group P321, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 125.24, c = 117.03 Angstrom. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 2.5 Angstrom spacing. Structure determination using the multiple isomorphous replacement method is in progress

The Psychology of Colour Influences Consumers’ Buying Behaviour – A Diagnostic Study

Colour plays an important role in marketing products.  It is a powerful marketing tool that influences consumer purchases in many aspects.  Marketers must explore the harmony of colours for successful marketing of products.  Nearly all products sold today have colourful facades.  Selecting the right colours to use has an enormous impact on product sales. While no single set of rules governs colour choices, research has established general guidelines based on the principle of associative learning, the relationship between colour and emotion. The researcher made a diagnostic study on the psychology of colour influences consumers buying behaviour.  Secondary data has been extensively used in this research.  Colour properties like hue, saturation and value, were discussed. Usage of colours in the packing of products, how colours earn brand image to a product, how colours help marketers to communicate the brand to customers and how to match colours with customer’s personality are extensively discussed. Conclusions were drawn based on this diagnostic study

Child Health Indicators in Urban Slums

INTRODUCTION: In any community mothers and children constitute a priority group. In India women of the child bearing age group (15-44) years constitute 40 % and children under 15 years of age about 19 % of the total population 1. Together they contribute to nearly 59 % of the total population of the country. Mothers and children not only form a large group, but they are also a vulnerable or special risk group. The risk is connected with child bearing in the case of women; and growth and development and survival in case of infants and children. In developing countries 50 % of all deaths are occurring among children less than 5 years of age. Maternal and child health (MCH) services were started in the early 1950s with the aim of improving the health status of mother and children. To start with the programme concentrated on the antenatal, intra natal, and post natal care and to enhance mother and child survival. In 1992, the programme was re launched as the Child survival and safe motherhood programme with emphasis being on regular antenatal, intranatal, postnatal care, immunization, family welfare activities, nutritional services, promotion of breast feeding and proper health education, which has brought about drastic changes in the health indicators pertaining to mother and child Proper antenatal care including tetanus toxoid immunization, iron and folic acid supplementation combined with good intranatal and postnatal care followed by the early introduction of breast feeding can reduce the mortality and morbidity of children. But still neonatal deaths contribute to more than fifty per cent of infant deaths raising concern over the MCH services. Though the incidence and mortality due to ARI and AWD diseases have come down reasonably in recent years, they contribute significantly to morbidity of the children. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To document the characteristics of urban slums 2. To document the characteristics of the family 3. Assess child health indicators 4. Evaluate the utilization of health services 5. To analyze correlation between slum characteristics and child health indicators. DISCUSSION: The large and continuous increase in India’s urban population and the concomitant growth of the population residing in slums has resulted in overstraining of infrastructure and deterioration in public health26. The link between urbanization, a degraded environment, inaccessibility to healthcare and a deteriorating quality of life is significant. An urban slum poses special health problems due to poverty, overcrowding, unhygienic surroundings and lack of an organized health infrastructure24. They lack basic amenities including safe water supply and proper sewage disposal. Siddarth, et al25 stressed the fact that disparities among slums exist due to various factors. This has led to varying degrees of health burden on children. Child health conditions in slums with inadequate services are worse in comparison to relatively better served slums. They focused on the importance of locating missed out slums and focusing on the neediest slums. As per Awasthi, et al26 most of the inhabitants of slums are migrants from rural areas and exposed to new environmental dynamics of poor housing, water supply and sanitation with poor access to health care. Determinants specific to childhood mortality in urban slums include maternal employment and in sanitary and unhygienic conditions. Addressing the inequalities in the distribution and access to basic amenities and health services with a focus on enhanced service coverage, improved sanitation and water supplies was proposed by Awasthi et al. Armida, et al24 suggested that although urban mortality statistics are comparatively better than the rural, there is a wide disparity between the urban rich and the urban poor and hence the existing urban statistics do not give a true representation of urban slums. Another major problem in urban slums is that unlike its rural counterpart there is no envisaged Primary Health Center with its planned network. In urban slum, multiple health authorities administer health services. Unfortunately, these services are not effectively organized, resulting in duplication of services in some areas and non- existence of health services in other areas. Hence this study was conducted in the slums of Chennai, to find out whether any differences existed in the characteristics of slums, child health indicators and also to assess the pattern of health services utilization. 2440 families were included in the study conducted in the ten zones of Chennai. CONCLUSION: 1. Creating awareness among people so that universal utilization of health services is achieved 2. Educating mothers about the importance of colostrum and exclusive breast feeding may help to bring down neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity 3. Measures to increase the iron and folic acid consumption of antenatal mothers and reduction in the number of home deliveries to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity 4. Improvement in drainage and toilet facilities neede

Role of \u3cem\u3ePanicum turgidum\u3c/em\u3e Dominated Rangelands in Conservation of \u3cem\u3eCaralluma edulis\u3c/em\u3e in Thar Desert, India

Rangelands are colonized vast natural landscapes in the form of grasslands. These are mostly dominated by native grass species. Once a patch is colonized by a pioneer species, complex interactions may develop among plants of different species. The frequency of positive interactions has been shown to be high in harsh environments, particular in arid environments, where it has been identified as a driving mechanism of vegetation dynamics (Bruno et al., 2003). These processes commonly involve nurse plants (Niering et al., 1963) that facilitate the establishment of other plants species beneath their canopies (Franco and Nobel, 1988). Based on this principle we hypothesized that Panicum turgidum, Forssk., may act as a potential nurse plant for a number of other plant species in the Thar Desert. In this region, this plant is one of the main component of vegetation patches surrounded by a bare soil matrix, in association with a restricted number of other species. Our objective was to characterize the positive associations of P. turgidum with Caralluma edulis in the Thar Desert. The Thar Desert is characterized by high velocity wind, huge shifting and rolling sand dunes; high diurnal variation of temperature; scarce rainfall; intense solar radiation and high rate of evaporation. Thar Desert receives between 100 to 500 mm of rainfall every year, 90% of which is received between July and September. The sandy soils of the desert have a rapid infiltration rate of water, poor fertility, low humus content due to rapid oxidation and high salinity. Though, all conditions are very hostile for the existence of life, some grasses like Lasiurus sindicus, Panicum turgidum, Dichanthium annulatum, Ochthochloa compressa (syn. Eleusine compressa), Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus setigerus perform well in desert. Among these grasses Panicum turgidum is major component of vegetation on sand dunes. Worldwide, the distribution of P. turgidum extends in the Sahara from Mauritania across North Africa with extensions into the Sahel, and through the Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and India (Poilecot, 1999). It is a perennial Saharan species of family Poaceae, growing as dense tussocks up to 1.5m in height, and creating dense hillocks up to 0.4m high. P. turgidum is highly resistant to water stress, and is a major component of the vegetation of the inter-mountain zones of the Thar (Poilecot, 1996). The seeds serve as a grain substitute in the diet of the Tuareg inhabitants and the straw as fodder for livestock and as roofing material. P. turgidum is also a component of the diet of wild animals of high conservation value such as Addax nasomaculatus, Blainville, Oryx dammah, Cretzschmar and Struthio camelus, L. (Poilecot, 1999). P. turgidum has the merit of being resistant to drought and also an effective sand-binding xerophyte. Wind-borne sand usually accumulates around the bushes of P. turgidum forming isolated mounds that gradually enlarge and eventually coalesce and form sandy patches