Quantitative Analysis of the Apical Delta Morphologies in Mandibular Molars and To Evaluate the Sealer Penetration after Chemo-Mechanical Preparation/Obturation using Micro CT: An In Vitro study

AIM THE STUDY: To analyze the apical delta morphologies in mandibular molars and to evaluate the sealer penetration after chemo-mechanical preparation/obturation using Micro CT. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this in vitro study were as follows 1. To analyze the percentage of apical delta in mandibular molars. 2. To analyze the percentage of apical delta in mesial and distal roots in mandibular molars. 3. To measure the vertical extension of the apical deltas in mandibular molars. 4. To analyze the average ramification of the apical delta in mandibular molars. 5. To measure the percentage of voids formed by different sealers after obturation. METHODOLOGY: One Hundred extracted human Mandibular Molars were used for this study. Teeth were scanned preoperatively using Micro CT. Tooth samples with apical delta were selected and their prevalence in Mandibular Molars were analyzed. The tooth samples were divided into three groups based on the sealers used for obturation. Group1 consists of Ah Plus, Group 2 of Rc Seal and Group 3 of Seal Apex.Three experimental groups were shaped using hand files and obturated using three different sealers. The obturated samples were scanned using Micro CT to assess the voids formed during obturation in the apical region. RESULTS: Result of this present study showed that the prevalence of apical delta is more in the Mandibular Molars. Apical delta prevalence is more in the Distal root than the Mesial root. The mean vertical extension of the apical delta ramifications is around 1.02mm and the average ramifications is around 3.92. No statistical difference were found between the three sealers. The voids produced during obturation is less in Ah Plus comparatively. CONCLUSION: 1. The occurrence of apical delta is not uncommon in day to day clinical practice. Mandibular molars has the highest percentage of delta prevalence. The shape, height, and average ramifications are variable. 2. The complex morphological properties of apical delta complicate the three dimensional cleaning and obturation of the root canal system. No significant difference was observed between the three sealers. Ah Plus sealer showed less percentage of voids compared to RC Seal and Seal Apex

DNA Binding and Photocleavage Studies of Cobalt(III) Ethylenediamine Pyridine Complexes: [Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and [Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+

Two novel cobalt(III) pyridine complexes (1) [Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and (2) [Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+ (en=ethylenediamine, py=pyridine, and mepy=methylpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, DNA melting, and DNA photocleavage. Results suggest that the two complexes bind to DNA via groove mode and complex 2 binds more strongly to CT DNA than complex 1. Moreover, these Co(III) complexes have been found to promote the photocleavage of plasmid DNA pBR322 under irradiation at 365 nm, cytotoxicity results of complexes are also showing anticancer activity

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Nose Landing Gear

Landing gear is the supporting part of an aircraft or spacecraft, and is used as principle support during takeoff, taxiing and landing. The development of new materials for landing gear is moving at rapid pace. Aerospace engine and airframe designers are constantly seeking lighter weight high strength materials which can accomplish herculean tasks such as Durability, robustness, weight reduction, cost economies, environmental responsibility and also improve performance of aircraft. Even so, steel components in landing gear are being challenged on every level. In this work, a typical landing gear of Boeing aircraft is designed and meshed using ANSYS software tool. Then structural safety, Linear static analysis and Dynamic Analysis are done by using ANSYS software to predict the phenomenon in advance so that the material and geometrical dimensions can be selected wisely. Landing gear is analyzed for the traditional metallic material Titanium 10V-2Fe3Al and new high strength stainless steel MLX17 (X1CrNiMoAlTi12-11-2). At last results of stresses and deformations of different materials are evaluated so as to get the characteristics of a material and also for the selection of materials

Evaluation and Comparison of Utility Consumption for the Sustainable and Normal building

ABSTRACT Sustainable building (Green building) refers the using of processes that are environmentally friendly and resource efficient from design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and demolition. The scope of this paper is to protect the environment by minimizing the use of non renewable construction materials and resources through efficient engineering design, planning and construction. This paper explains the need to select for modifying the design of construction and services to suit Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) requirements. Green Building Concept was to save maximum energy and protect our environment leads to sustainability. Compare to normal building the utilities (water and power) requirement for sustainable building was more efficient than normal building

Evaluation of elite cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) genotypes for yield, quality and resistance to Cardamom mosaic virus

Nine genotypes of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) along with two commercial cultivars, Green Gold and Appangala 1were evaluated for their yield and selected horticultural traits. There were significant differences amongst different genotypeswith respect to yield and other traits. The genotype IC 349651 was found to be highest in yield (1048.2 kg ha-1) followed byIC 547167 (987.1 kg ha-1). The genotype IC 547167 (Appangala 2) was found to be moderately resistant to Cardamom mosaicvirus under artificial conditions and rich in α terpinyl acetate content which was comparable to Appangala 1. In 2014, thegenotype IC 547167 was recommended for high yield and resistance to Cardamom mosaic virus under field conditions andreleased as Appangala 2 for Karnataka and adjoining areas of Kerala. The variety, Appangala 2 (IC 547167) was developedthrough hybridization between Appangala 1 x NKE 19

Feasibility of elastomeric composites as alternative materials for marine applications: A compendious review on their properties and opportunities

© IMechE 2022. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1177/14750902221095321The term elastomer is a curtailment of two words, which are elastic and polymers. Accordingly, elastomers are polymer materials with elasticity. The significant challenges hindering the development of materials for naval applications, similar to other engineering sectors, include achieving a competitive light elastomeric structure. Marine structures are susceptible to various damage responses due to various loads throughout their service life. Being flexible, elastomer has a low modulus of elasticity, exhibits higher values of failure strain and yield strength. In these regards, elastomers are attractive materials for applications that require elasticity because they offer substantial advantages compared to traditional materials. However, the low fire resistance of these elastomeric materials jeopardizes their use in some critical applications. As a result, elastomeric blends and composites containing flame retardant (FR) additives are commonly used. On the other hand, elastomers possess (i) high strength-to-weight ratio, (ii) excellent impact properties, (iii) low infrared, magnetic, and radar signatures, (iv) excellent durability, and (v) high resilience to extreme loads. Hence, the scope of this study focuses on review and awareness regarding the feasibility of marine applications of elastomers/ elastomeric composites, their current scientific and technological drawbacks, and future outlooks or prospects to support several applications in the marine industry.Peer reviewe

Structure of the first representative of Pfam family PF04016 (DUF364) reveals enolase and Rossmann-like folds that combine to form a unique active site with a possible role in heavy-metal chelation.

The crystal structure of Dhaf4260 from Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2 was determined by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) to a resolution of 2.01 Å using the semi-automated high-throughput pipeline of the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG) as part of the NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative (PSI). This protein structure is the first representative of the PF04016 (DUF364) Pfam family and reveals a novel combination of two well known domains (an enolase N-terminal-like fold followed by a Rossmann-like domain). Structural and bioinformatic analyses reveal partial similarities to Rossmann-like methyltransferases, with residues from the enolase-like fold combining to form a unique active site that is likely to be involved in the condensation or hydrolysis of molecules implicated in the synthesis of flavins, pterins or other siderophores. The genome context of Dhaf4260 and homologs additionally supports a role in heavy-metal chelation

Rice biofortification: breeding and genomic approaches for genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron contents

Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption of polished rice have increased manifold, which resulted in the loss of inherent nutrition. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (Zn and Fe) are major human health challenges in the 21st century. Biofortification of staples is a sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made in rice for enhancing grain Zn, Fe, and protein. To date, 37 biofortified Fe, Zn, Protein and Provitamin A rich rice varieties are available for commercial cultivation (16 from India and 21 from the rest of the world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn > 24 mg/kg, protein > 10% in polished rice as India target while Zn > 28 mg/kg in polished rice as international target). However, understanding the micronutrient genetics, mechanisms of uptake, translocation, and bioavailability are the prime areas that need to be strengthened. The successful development of these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment and scaling in future breeding programs to address the key challenges of malnutrition and hidden hunger

The structure of SSO2064, the first representative of Pfam family PF01796, reveals a novel two-domain zinc-ribbon OB-fold architecture with a potential acyl-CoA-binding role

The crystal structure of SSO2064, the first structural representative of Pfam family PF01796 (DUF35), reveals a two-domain architecture comprising an N-terminal zinc-ribbon domain and a C-terminal OB-fold domain. Analysis of the domain architecture, operon organization and bacterial orthologs combined with the structural features of SSO2064 suggests a role involving acyl-CoA binding for this family of proteins