Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 3,3’-Diselanediylbis (N,N-Disubstituted Indolizine-1-carboxamide) and Derivatives

Aseries of novel diselenides 5a–e were synthesized from-haloketones, α-picoline alkenes and various secondary amines under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. The structures of these compounds were established by means of their spectral data and they were screened for scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH.). The results of this research showed that two of these compounds (5e and 5d) exhibited reasonable antioxidant activity. The intermediate, methyl 5-methylindolizine-1- carboxylate was prepared by condensation of methyl acrylate with 1-(carboxymethyl)-2-methylpyridinium halide, which was prepared from α-picoline and chloroacetic acid by using the Tschischibabin reaction.Keywords: Antioxidants, diselenides, indolizine, free radical scavenger, 1,1-DPPH

Undergraduate Medical Education Sex- and Gender-based Education: An Institutional Audit and Integration Project

Background: While evidence-based medicine (EBM) supports the incorporation of Sex- and Gender-based Medicine (SGBM) into patient care, a significant gap exists in its translation to current undergraduate medical education (UME). Several studies assessing medical student and resident physician knowledge regarding SGBM demonstrate suboptimal awareness, knowledge base, and clinical incorporation. There is urgent need to evaluate UME under a SGBM-focused lens, to emphasize the existing SGBM content, and to identify additional opportunities for inclusion. Method: Lectures from two pre-clinical UME modules, ‘Cardiovascular’ (CV) and ‘Musculoskeletal/ Dermatology’ (MSK/Derm), at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine were subjected to a SGBM taskforce audit. Taskforce auditors were tasked with 1) assessing for pre-existing inclusion of SGBM as well as 2) opportunities for SGBM incorporation. Opportunities for inclusion were identified by a taskforce SGBM expert. Evidence-based SGBM material (e.g. slides) to fill the opportune gaps were subsequently created for module director consideration and ready incorporation. Post-audit follow-up of SGBM incorporation and uptake was completed for both modules. Results: Sixty-four lectures in the MSK/Derm and 23 CV lectures were reviewed by the SGBM audit taskforce. Approximately a third (36%) of all sessions included an element of pre-existing SGBM material (35% of CV; 36% MSK/Derm). Fourteen CV-specific SGBM opportunities were identified, and correlative SGBM inclusive material, was given to the CV module directors; thirteen of these were incorporated (92.8%). Nine MSK/Derm-specific SGBM opportunities were identified with correlative SGBM-inclusive material provided; two (22%) of these were incorporated. Conclusion: Inclusion of SGBM into medical school curriculum is important for comprehensive medical education and ultimately, for patient care. Identifying and collaborating on SGBM educational opportunities will be crucial for its timely uptake into the UME world. The creation of a dedicated taskforce which searches for inclusion opportunities across the curriculum is one approach to increase SGBM within UME.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/sexandgenderhealth/1031/thumbnail.jp

Nutrient Profiling and Identification of Genetic Marker for \u3cem\u3eAzolla\u3c/em\u3e sp.

Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss and water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns. They float on the surface of water by means of scale-like leaves, with their roots hanging in the water. Azolla is able to fix unlinked nitrogen (N2) directly from the atmosphere because of its endosymbiotic blue alga Anabaena azollae (Van Hove, 1989), and is thus a very promising supply of nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, apart of traditional cultivation of Azolla as a bio-fertilizer for wetland paddy, also find increasing use for sustainable production of livestock feed. Since the demand for milk and meat in India is creating new potential in the profitability of animal husbandry as an occupation. Yet, at the same time, there is a substantial decline in fodder availability. The area under forest and grasslands is decreasing as is the amount of various crop residues available for feed, largely due to the introduction of high yielding dwarf varieties. The shortage of fodder is therefore compensated with commercial feed, resulting in increased costs in meat and milk production. Moreover, as commercial feed is mixed with urea and other artificial milk boosters, it has a negative effect on the quality of milk and the health of the livestock. The search for alternatives to concentrates led us to a wonderful plant azolla, which holds the promise of providing a sustainable feed for livestock

The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on One Year Patient Outcomes at a Family Medicine Residency Clinic

Abstract Objectives: In Appalachia, tobacco smoking rates are significantly higher than the United States average, and many of the comorbidities that exist with tobacco are prominent. The researchers investigated the impact of tobacco smoking on patients for one year of health outcomes at our resident primary care clinic. Methods: The present study examined outpatient clinic charts and hospital records for a calendar year to determine patient self-reported tobacco rates. Patient medical comorbidities were tracked as well as rates of hospital utilization during the calendar year, and those figures were compared for a group of 90 patients who currently smoke and another group of 90 patients who have never smoked. Results: Tobacco smokers in the present study were more likely to have a history of several medical comorbidities including COPD, musculoskeletal problems, psychiatric treatment, and substance abuse issues. Additionally, tobacco smokers were more likely to have visited the emergency department and to have been admitted to the hospital during the year. Conclusions: The problem of tobacco smoking is complex and primary care clinics provide a wealth of information to investigate numerous comorbid concerns. Consistent with prior research, tobacco users in this study were at greater risk for many medical problems. Abstract Word Count: 19

Effect of chemical treatments and coupling agents on the properties of unidirectional jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite

Due to different chemical nature of jute and polypropylene, their blended composite materials often show failures behavior when applied in load bearing purposes. The aim of the research is to improve the properties of unidirectional jute fiber (JF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite. Unidirectional fiber composite was produced by simple hot press molding method according to weight percentage of 30wt% filler (JF), 2wt% coupling agent (compatibilizer) degraded PP (DgPP) and maleated PP (MAPP) and 68 wt% matrix (PP). To improve the interfacial interactions between the fiber and PP, the fiber was chemically modified with 10w/v% NaOH, 6w/v% dicumylperoxide (DCPO), 0.05 w/v% K2Cr2O7 and 5 w/v% H2O2 solution. The water absorption, tensile and thermal properties of raw and surface treated fibers composites were compared in particular coupling agent. It has found that the fiber treatments and addition of coupling agents, composites showed better properties. Among the composites, 10 wt/v% NaOH treated jute reinforced PP composite by using MAPP compatibilizer was presented better water absorption and mechanical properties. The positive change of the treated fiber composites was also found in case of the thermal stability that investigated by the TG, DTA and DTG tests