3,221 research outputs found
Energy Efficient Scheduling via Partial Shutdown
Motivated by issues of saving energy in data centers we define a collection
of new problems referred to as "machine activation" problems. The central
framework we introduce considers a collection of machines (unrelated or
related) with each machine having an {\em activation cost} of . There
is also a collection of jobs that need to be performed, and is
the processing time of job on machine . We assume that there is an
activation cost budget of -- we would like to {\em select} a subset of
the machines to activate with total cost and {\em find} a schedule
for the jobs on the machines in minimizing the makespan (or any other
metric).
For the general unrelated machine activation problem, our main results are
that if there is a schedule with makespan and activation cost then we
can obtain a schedule with makespan \makespanconstant T and activation cost
\costconstant A, for any . We also consider assignment costs for
jobs as in the generalized assignment problem, and using our framework, provide
algorithms that minimize the machine activation and the assignment cost
simultaneously. In addition, we present a greedy algorithm which only works for
the basic version and yields a makespan of and an activation cost .
For the uniformly related parallel machine scheduling problem, we develop a
polynomial time approximation scheme that outputs a schedule with the property
that the activation cost of the subset of machines is at most and the
makespan is at most for any
Does the Illinois Cannabis Control Act Violate the Right to Privacy Enunciated in the Illinois Constitution, 9 J. Marshall J. Prac. & Proc. 280 (1975)
Association between diabetes, diabetes treatment and risk of developing endometrial cancer.
BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for endometrial cancer incidence. However, most of these studies used case-control study designs and did not adjust for obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. In addition, few epidemiological studies have examined the association between diabetes treatment and endometrial cancer risk. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among diabetes, diabetes treatment and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).MethodsA total of 88 107 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years who were free of cancer and had no hysterectomy at baseline were followed until date of endometrial cancer diagnosis, death, hysterectomy or loss to follow-up, whichever came first. Endometrial cancers were confirmed by central medical record and pathology report review. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for diagnosis of diabetes and metformin treatment as risk factors for endometrial cancer.ResultsOver a mean of 11 years of follow-up, 1241 endometrial cancers developed. In the primary analysis that focused on prevalent diabetes at enrolment, compared with women without diabetes, women with self-reported diabetes, and the subset of women with treated diabetes, had significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer without adjusting for BMI (HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.13-1.85 for diabetes, HR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.19-2.07 for treated diabetes). However after adjusting for BMI, the associations between diabetes, diabetes treatment, diabetes duration and the risk of endometrial cancer became non-significant. Elevated risk was noted when considering combining diabetes diagnosed at baseline and during follow-up as time-dependent exposure (HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.08-1.59) even after adjusting for BMI. No significant association was observed between metformin use and endometrial cancer risk.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the relationship observed in previous research between diabetes and endometrial cancer incidence may be largely confounded by body weight, although some modest independent elevated risk remains
5th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention: summary of key research and implications for policy and practice – Clinical sciences
Studies in several sub-Saharan African countries demonstrated that the expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) access is not only beneficial for people living with HIV, but also results in significant declines in tuberculosis and malaria incidence and prevalence, bolstering arguments for earlier and increased ART access and contributing to a growing understanding of co-epidemic dynamics. Several studies demonstrated that using standard triple-drug ART in resource-limited settings can reduce vertical transmission by as much as less than 1% if continued throughout breastfeeding
Terepgyakorlatom helyszíne: Raiffeisen-Agro Magyarország Kft., cím: 6640, Csongrád, Fő u. 61. (2. em. 208)
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