56 research outputs found
Facial Expression Recognition Using Euclidean Distance Method
Facial expression recognition is found to be useful for emotion science, clinical psychology and pain assessment. In the proposed method, the face detection algorithm involves lighting compensation for getting uniformity on face and morphological operations for retaining the required face portion. After retaining the face portion in the image, the facial features like eyes, nose, and mouth are extracted using AAM (Active Appearance Model) method. For automatic facial expression recognition, simple Euclidean Distance method is used. In this method, the Euclidean distance between the feature points of the training images and that of the query image is compared. Based on minimum Euclidean distance, output image expression is decided
Planning for Attacker Entrapment in Adversarial Settings
In this paper, we propose a planning framework to generate a defense strategy
against an attacker who is working in an environment where a defender can
operate without the attacker's knowledge. The objective of the defender is to
covertly guide the attacker to a trap state from which the attacker cannot
achieve their goal. Further, the defender is constrained to achieve its goal
within K number of steps, where K is calculated as a pessimistic lower bound
within which the attacker is unlikely to suspect a threat in the environment.
Such a defense strategy is highly useful in real world systems like honeypots
or honeynets, where an unsuspecting attacker interacts with a simulated
production system while assuming it is the actual production system. Typically,
the interaction between an attacker and a defender is captured using game
theoretic frameworks. Our problem formulation allows us to capture it as a much
simpler infinite horizon discounted MDP, in which the optimal policy for the
MDP gives the defender's strategy against the actions of the attacker. Through
empirical evaluation, we show the merits of our problem formulation
A NEW REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SERRATIOPEPTIDASE AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Objective: The objective is to study the development of a simple, rapid, specific, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of serratiopeptidase (SER) and diclofenac (DC) sodium in bulk and tablet formulation.Methods: RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of SER and DC sodium in tablet formulation. The separation was achieved by Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with phosphate buffer pH-7 and o-phosphoric acid:methanol:acetonitrile (5:4:1% v/v/v). Flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min and UV detection was carried at 270 nm.Result: For RP-HPLC method, the retention time for SER and DC sodium was found to be 3.3833 min and 8.1667 min, respectively. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and specificity. Linearity for SER and DC sodium was in the range of 5–50 μg/ml.Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method is simple, accurate, rapid, sensitive, precise, and economic. Hence, this method can be employed successfully for the estimation of SER and DC sodium in both bulk and tablet dosage forms
AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION OF MODIFIED COLORIMETRIC FIRST-ORDER DERIVATIVE METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF SERRALYSIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Objective: The aim of the present work is to use experimental design to screen and optimize experimental variables for developing a colorimetric first-order derivative method for determining content of serralysin (SER) using biuret and Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent for stable color development. The method is based on the reaction of peptide bond in the protein with Biuret reagent in alkaline medium and further reaction of remaining tryptophan and tyrosine residues with Folin–Ciocalteu Phenol reagent to form a stable blue-colored complex (first-order derivative λmax 620 nm).Materials and Methods: A two-level full factorial design was utilized to screen the effect of Volume of NaOH (A), volume of biuret reagent (B), volume of Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent (C), and concentration of NaOH (D) on the formation of blue-colored SER - reagent complex (response - absorbance). A box Behnken experimental design with response surface methodology was then utilized to evaluate the main interaction and quadratic effects of these factors on the selected response.Results: With the help of a response surface plot and contour plot, the optimum values of the selected factors were determined and used for further experiments. These values were volume of NaOH (A) of 1.0 mL, volume of biuret reagent (B) of 0.25 mL, and volume of Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent (C) of 10 μL. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) method validation guidelines. The developed colorimetric first-order derivative method was found to be simple, accurate, rapid, sensitive, precise, and economic. Further optimization of the method with experimental design approach makes it convenient for use in laboratory.Conclusion: The results of present study have clearly shown that an experimental design approach may be effectively applied to the optimization of a modified visible spectrophotometric method for estimation of SER in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation with the least number of experimental runs possible. The method can be employed successfully for the estimation of SER in both bulk and tablet dosage form.Â
A Unified Framework for Planning in Adversarial and Cooperative Environments
Users of AI systems may rely upon them to produce plans for achieving desired
objectives. Such AI systems should be able to compute obfuscated plans whose
execution in adversarial situations protects privacy, as well as legible plans
which are easy for team members to understand in cooperative situations. We
develop a unified framework that addresses these dual problems by computing
plans with a desired level of comprehensibility from the point of view of a
partially informed observer. For adversarial settings, our approach produces
obfuscated plans with observations that are consistent with at least k goals
from a set of decoy goals. By slightly varying our framework, we present an
approach for goal legibility in cooperative settings which produces plans that
achieve a goal while being consistent with at most j goals from a set of
confounding goals. In addition, we show how the observability of the observer
can be controlled to either obfuscate or clarify the next actions in a plan
when the goal is known to the observer. We present theoretical results on the
complexity analysis of our problems. We demonstrate the execution of obfuscated
and legible plans in a cooking domain using a physical robot Fetch. We also
provide an empirical evaluation to show the feasibility and usefulness of our
approaches using IPC domains.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Correlation of thrombocytopenia with degree of atypical lymphocytosis as a prognostic indicator in dengue
Background: Dengue viral infections may occur as epidemics and are of public health concern in India especially due to high mortality in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces the mortality significantly. To assess the utility of atypical lymphocyte counts with relation to platelet counts as a marker for severe dengue.Methods: A total of 132 serologically proven (by rapid card method) cases of dengue with atypical lymphocytosis (≥10%) and thrombocytopenia (<150×109/l) were analyzed during November 2016. The complete blood counts (obtained from automated hematology analyzer and Leishman stained peripheral smears) were analyzed.Results: Dengue infections were mostly seen in younger age (12-25 years) with slight male predominance. The relevant haematology findings noted were leukopenia in 36% and severe thrombocytopenia (<50×109/l) in 57% of cases. The differential count showed lymphocytosis in 64% with significant (≥20%) atypical lymphocytes in 52% which inversely correlated with platelet counts. Atypical lymphocytosis (≥20%) was noted in 9% of cases with mild as against 32% of severe thrombocytopenia.Conclusions: Atypical lymphocyte count can be used as predictor of severe thrombocytopenia and severe dengue. This helps in early diagnosis and proper management and drastic reduction in mortality
A NOVEL HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CO-ENZYME Q10 AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Objective: HPTLC Method for Simultaneous quantification of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol in bulk and capsule dosage form was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization [(ICH) Q2 (R1)] guideline.Methods: The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: chloroform (10:1:2 v/v/v) on Pre-coated silica 60F 254 plates and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 280 nm.Results: The Rf values were 0.77 and 0.87 for co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol, respectively. The linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 0.6µg-1.8 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 2 µg-6 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3154 and 0.9559 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 3.441 and 10.42 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10.Conclusion: Developed densitometric method was found to be robust, precise, accurate, and rapid and can be used to analyse fixed-dose capsule samples of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol
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