Improvment оf Mechanical Properties of the Cement Compound in Order to Increase the Degree of Its Filling

Долговременное безопасное обращение с радиоактивными отходами, образовавшимися в результате выполнения ядерных оружейных программ, остается ключевой проблемой для ядерной энергетики на современном этапе. Технология, основанная на включении жидких радиоактивных отходов в неорганические гидравлические вяжущие (процесс цементирования), имеет ряд неоспоримых преимуществ: процесс является низкотемпературным, протекает без образования газообразных радиоактивных отходов, а полученный цементный компаунд обеспечивает безопасность хранения в течение длительного времени (более 106 лет). С целью увеличения степени наполнения цементного компаунда жидкими радиоактивными отходами исследована возможность применение армирующих наполнителей – многослойных углеродных нанотрубок (МУНТ) и пирогенного кремнезема (аэросила). Установлено, что дозировка МУНТ не должна превышать 1,5 % масс. от содержания цемента, аэросила – 0,5 % масс. от вяжущего. Показана целесообразность использования эффектов кавитационной технологии при получении цементного компаундаLong-term and safe management of radioactive wastes, that was formed as a result of implementation of nuclear weapon programs, still remains a key problem of the nuclear energetics. The technology based on the admixture of liquid radioactive wastes in inorganic hydraulic binders (cementation process) has a number of cogent advantages: the process is of low-temperature, it proceeds without formation of gaseous radioactive wastes and the obtained cement compound provides the safety storage for a long time (more than 106 years). For the purpose to increase the degree of the cement compound filling with the liquid radioactive wastes, the possibility to apply reinforcing fillers was researched, these fillers are multilayered carbon nanotubes (MCNT) and pyrogenic silica (aerosil). It has been revealed that the proportion of MCNT should not exceed 1.5% by weight of the cement content and the aerosil proportion should not exceed 0.5% of the binder weight. The expediency of using the effects of cavitation technology in the preparation of the cement compoun

Improvment оf Mechanical Properties of the Cement Compound in Order to Increase the Degree of Its Filling

Долговременное безопасное обращение с радиоактивными отходами, образовавшимися в результате выполнения ядерных оружейных программ, остается ключевой проблемой для ядерной энергетики на современном этапе. Технология, основанная на включении жидких радиоактивных отходов в неорганические гидравлические вяжущие (процесс цементирования), имеет ряд неоспоримых преимуществ: процесс является низкотемпературным, протекает без образования газообразных радиоактивных отходов, а полученный цементный компаунд обеспечивает безопасность хранения в течение длительного времени (более 106 лет). С целью увеличения степени наполнения цементного компаунда жидкими радиоактивными отходами исследована возможность применение армирующих наполнителей – многослойных углеродных нанотрубок (МУНТ) и пирогенного кремнезема (аэросила). Установлено, что дозировка МУНТ не должна превышать 1,5 % масс. от содержания цемента, аэросила – 0,5 % масс. от вяжущего. Показана целесообразность использования эффектов кавитационной технологии при получении цементного компаундаLong-term and safe management of radioactive wastes, that was formed as a result of implementation of nuclear weapon programs, still remains a key problem of the nuclear energetics. The technology based on the admixture of liquid radioactive wastes in inorganic hydraulic binders (cementation process) has a number of cogent advantages: the process is of low-temperature, it proceeds without formation of gaseous radioactive wastes and the obtained cement compound provides the safety storage for a long time (more than 106 years). For the purpose to increase the degree of the cement compound filling with the liquid radioactive wastes, the possibility to apply reinforcing fillers was researched, these fillers are multilayered carbon nanotubes (MCNT) and pyrogenic silica (aerosil). It has been revealed that the proportion of MCNT should not exceed 1.5% by weight of the cement content and the aerosil proportion should not exceed 0.5% of the binder weight. The expediency of using the effects of cavitation technology in the preparation of the cement compoun

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I Introduction to DUNE

International audienceThe preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents

DUNE Offline Computing Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThis document describes Offline Software and Computing for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) experiment, in particular, the conceptual design of the offline computing needed to accomplish its physics goals. Our emphasis in this document is the development of the computing infrastructure needed to acquire, catalog, reconstruct, simulate and analyze the data from the DUNE experiment and its prototypes. In this effort, we concentrate on developing the tools and systems thatfacilitate the development and deployment of advanced algorithms. Rather than prescribing particular algorithms, our goal is to provide resources that are flexible and accessible enough to support creative software solutions as HEP computing evolves and to provide computing that achieves the physics goals of the DUNE experiment

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype