Determination of Genetic Variations of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2, 4, and 6 with Next-Generation Sequencing in Native Cattle Breeds of Anatolia and Holstein Friesian

In recent years, the focus of disease resistance and susceptibility studies in cattle have been on determining patterns in the innate immune response of key proteins, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). In the bovine genome, there are 10 TLR family members and, of these, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 are specialized in the recognition of bacterial ligands. Indigenous cattle breeds of Anatolia have been reported to show fewer signs of clinical bacterial infections, such as bovine tuberculosis and mastitis, and it is hypothesized that this might be due to a less stringent genetic selection during breeding. In contrast, Holstein-Friesian cattle have been under strong selection for milk production, which may have resulted in greater susceptibility to diseases. To test this hypothesis, we have compared the TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 genes of Anatolian Black (AB), East Anatolian Red (EAR), South Anatolian Red (SAR), Turkish Grey (TG), and Holstein (HOL) cattle using next-generation sequencing. The SAR breed had the most variations overall, followed by EAR, AB, TG, and HOL. TG had the most variations for TLR2, whereas SAR had the most variations in TLR4 and TLR6. We compared these variants with those associated with disease and susceptibility traits. We used exon variants to construct haplotypes, investigated shared haplotypes within breeds, and proposed candidate haplotypes for a disease resistance phenotype in Anatolian cattle breeds

Molecular phylogeny of Anatolian and Cypriot donkey populations based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal STRs

Domestication centers and the lineages of the wild ass contributing to modern domestic donkey population are still unknown, except the Nubian wild ass. This study is designed to fill the gaps about Anatolian donkey domestication. A total of 68 samples of Anatolian donkeys obtained from Turkey and seven donkeys from Cyprus were analyzed for D-loop and cytochrome b gene regions. Males were also genotyped with three equine Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) namely Eca. YM2, Eca.YP9 and Eca.YE1. While the haplotype and nucleotide diversities (h=0.756+/-0.0500 and pi=0.1688+/-0.0012) obtained from D-loop sequences of Anatolian donkey population were found to be moderately high, the Cypriot donkey population were found dramatically reduced (h=0.524+/-0.209 and pi=0.00176 +/- 0.001) than those in Turkey. Only 35% of the Anatolian donkeys were clustered in Clade 1 linked with Nubian ass, while the remaining 65% and 100% of the Cypriot donkeys were clustered in Clade 2. In the present study, Clade 2 was genetically divergent from Somali lineage and from Asiatic wild asses. Thus, they were excluded from to be ancestor of Anatolian and Cypriot donkey populations. A total of 17 and 4 nucleotide differences, discriminating 15 and 6 haplotypes, were defined for D-loop and cytochrome b sequences, respectively. Analyzed Y chromosomal STRs were found to be monomorphic. The allele size of 109, 190 and 195 were identified for Eca. YM2, Eca. YP9 and Eca. YE1, respectively

Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Fulvestrant in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Serum Samples

The electrooxidation behavior and determination of fulvestrant at a glassy carbon electrode were investigated. The voltammetric study of the model compounds allowed elucidating the possible oxidation mechanism of fulvestrant. The dependence of the peak current and peak potentials on pH, concentration, nature of the buffer, and scan rate was determined. The oxidation of fulvestrant showed a single and irreversible peak at glassy carbon electrode, and the process was found diffusion controlled. Linear responses were obtained for the concentrations between 4×10−6 M and 6×10−5 M in standard samples and between 2×10−5 M and 1×10−4 M in serum samples. The repeatability of the method was found 0.93 RSD%. The repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy of proposed method were investigated

Different four PCR-multiplex systems via twentymicrosatellite loci in goat

European Biotechnology Congress -- SEP 28-OCT 01, 2011 -- Istanbul, TURKEY[No Abstract Available]European Biotechnol Themat Network Asso

Genetic Polymorphism of Five Genes Associated with Meat Production Traits in Five Cattle Breeds in Turkey

There are many potential genes that are known to be related to meat production and that can be used for selection to improve meat quality and production include Calpain (CAPN1), Myostatin (MSTN), Calpastatin (CAST), Osteopontin (SPP1) and Thyroglobulin (TG). This study evaluated Zavot (n=60), Anatolian Black (n=59; AB), South Anatolian Red (n=53; SAR), Turkish Gray (n=60; TG) and East Anatolian Red (n=49; EAR) cattle breeds, with the primary goal of investigating DNA polymorphisms of the CAST, TG, SPP1, MSTN and CAPN1 genes. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was employed to genotypes. Restriction enzymes revealed polymorphisms with 2 alleles and three genotypes of each CAST, TG, SPP1 and CAPN1 genes were determined in all breeds, while the MSTN locus was found to be monomorphic. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was not observed in the five cattle breeds on SPP1 locus. Significant deviation was observed from HWE in the TG and AB breeds on TG locus. Except for the TG and SAR breeds, genotype frequencies were not consistent with the HWE on CAPN1 locus. Four breeds were found at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except AB breed for CAST locus. Consequently, this study has shown that genetic polymorphisms do not exist in the MSTN gene but do exist in the remaining four genes that were examined in five Turkish native cattle breeds

Different four PCR-multiplex systems via twenty microsatellite loci in goat

European Biotechnology Congress -- SEP 28-OCT 01, 2011 -- Istanbul, TURKEY[No Abstract Available]European Biotechnol Themat Network Asso