Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Koksnes skiedru kimiska modificesana ar etikskabes anhidridu

Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi

FOODBALT 2011 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN LATVIAN WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM BOLETUS EDULIS

Abstract Considering the interest for mushrooms and the demand to search for natural antioxidants and other sources of bioactive-compounds, the aim of this study was to investigate the content of bioactive compounds of two widely used wild edible mushrooms Boletus edulis f. beticola and Boletus edulis f. pinicola collected at Jelgava and Riga regions in Latvia. Ash amount was determined to characterize the mineral content; protein was determined by Lowry method (325-526 mg g -1 of dried mushrooms). Using HPLC the phenolic compounds like gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and rutin were detected and quantified. β-carotene and lycopene were determined. DPPH assay was used to evaluate free radical-scavenging activity. In water extracts titratable acidity (0.22-0.26 mmol of NaOH per g of dry mushroom matter) and formol number (0.74-1.40 mmol NaOH per g of dry mushroom matter) were determined. The total content of phenols (TP) as determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay was higher in the water extracts (11.2-12.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents GAE per 1 g of dry mushroom matter) than in methanol extracts (7.3-8.0 mg of GAE per 1 g of dry mushroom matter). The total content of flavonoids (TF) was higher in the water extracts (0.33-0.37 mg of QE per 1 g of dry mushroom matter) than in methanol extracts (0.13 mg of quercetin equivalents QE per 1 g of dry mushroom matter)

Bioactive Compounds in Latvian Wild Berry Juice

Fructose is the dominant monosaccharide in bilberry juice and red bilberry juice, but glucose is dominant in the cranberry juice. Dominant polyphenols are catechine and chlorogenic acid. In the bilberry and red bilberry juices, the most common acids are citric, quinic and tartaric acids, in the cranberry juice – citric, quinic and malic acids. When bilberry juice is heat-treated for 30 min at 98 C  1 C, HMF content is 2-fold higher than in samples treated at 60 C  1 C. In solutions from lyophilisates of wild berry juice, turbidity and translucent coloration have been determined

Kimijas macibu satura un metodiska nodrosinajuma izpete un izstrade atbilstosi visparizglitojosa, humanitara un sociala novirziena izglitibas programmu prasibam

Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLEMinistry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia, Riga (Latvia)LVLatvi