388 research outputs found
Privatization Incentives â A Wage Bargaining Approach
We analyze the incentives of a government to privatize a state owned firm. Assumingprice cap regulation, a unionized labor market and wage bargaining the governmentâsgains from privatization depend on two effects. While the government looses controlover the firmâs investment and employment decisions, the unionâs bargaining positioncan be weakened by privatization. Since price cap regulation tends to increase the wage under privatization, the governmentâs incentives to privatize are low if the unionâs bargaining power is high. Considering different kinds of in-vestments does not change this result qualitatively.Wage bargaining regulation privatization
Transform-limited single photons from a single quantum dot
A semiconductor quantum dot mimics a two-level atom. Performance as a single
photon source is limited by decoherence and dephasing of the optical
transition. Even with high quality material at low temperature, the optical
linewidths are a factor of two larger than the transform-limit. A major
contributor to the inhomogeneous linewdith is the nuclear spin noise. We show
here that the nuclear spin noise depends on optical excitation, increasing
(decreasing) with increasing resonant laser power for the neutral (charged)
exciton. Based on this observation, we discover regimes where we demonstrate
transform-limited linewidths on both neutral and charged excitons even when the
measurement is performed very slowly
Structural Stability: On the Prerequisites of Nonviolent Conflict Management
The concept of âstructural stabilityâ has been gaining prominence in development policy circles. In the EUâs and the OECD Development Assistance Committeeâs (OECD DAC) understanding, it describes the ability of societies to handle intra-societal conflict without resorting to violence. This study investigates the preconditions of structural stability and tests their mutual interconnections. Seven dimensions are analyzed: (1) long-term economic growth, (2) environmental security, (3) social equality, (4) governmental effectiveness, (5) democracy, (6) rule of law, and (7) inclusion of identity groups. The postulated mutual enhancement of the seven dimensions is plausible but cannot be proven. The most significant positive relationship appears between âdemocracyâ and ârule of law,â respectively, on the one hand and the dependent variable âviolence/ human securityâ on the other hand. This points to the usefulness of the political concept of structural stability to promote development policy agendas in this area at least. Applications that reach beyond these initial findings will, however, require further research.Structural stability, violence, human security, development aid, conflict management, prerequisites of nonviolence
Epitaxial lift-off for solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics
We present a new approach to incorporate self-assembled quantum dots into a
Fabry-P\'{e}rot-like microcavity. Thereby a 3/4 GaAs layer containing
quantum dots is epitaxially removed and attached by van der Waals bonding to
one of the microcavity mirrors. We reach a finesse as high as 4,100 with this
configuration limited by the reflectivity of the dielectric mirrors and not by
scattering at the semiconductor - mirror interface, demonstrating that the
epitaxial lift-off procedure is a promising procedure for cavity quantum
electrodynamics in the solid state. As a first step in this direction, we
demonstrate a clear cavity-quantum dot interaction in the weak coupling regime
with a Purcell factor in the order of 3. Estimations of the coupling strength
via the Purcell factor suggests that we are close to the strong coupling
regime.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Electrically-tunable hole g-factor of an optically-active quantum dot for fast spin rotations
We report a large g-factor tunability of a single hole spin in an InGaAs
quantum dot via an electric field. The magnetic field lies in the in-plane
direction x, the direction required for a coherent hole spin. The electrical
field lies along the growth direction z and is changed over a large range, 100
kV/cm. Both electron and hole g-factors are determined by high resolution laser
spectroscopy with resonance fluorescence detection. This, along with the low
electrical-noise environment, gives very high quality experimental results. The
hole g-factor g_xh depends linearly on the electric field Fz, dg_xh/dFz = (8.3
+/- 1.2)* 10^-4 cm/kV, whereas the electron g-factor g_xe is independent of
electric field, dg_xe/dFz = (0.1 +/- 0.3)* 10^-4 cm/kV (results averaged over a
number of quantum dots). The dependence of g_xh on Fz is well reproduced by a
4x4 k.p model demonstrating that the electric field sensitivity arises from a
combination of soft hole confining potential, an In concentration gradient and
a strong dependence of material parameters on In concentration. The electric
field sensitivity of the hole spin can be exploited for electrically-driven
hole spin rotations via the g-tensor modulation technique and based on these
results, a hole spin coupling as large as ~ 1 GHz is expected to be envisaged.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
The Tree-Generative Capacity of Combinatory Categorial Grammars
The generative capacity of combinatory categorial grammars as acceptors of tree languages is investigated. It is demonstrated that the such obtained tree languages can also be generated by simple monadic context-free tree grammars. However, the subclass of pure combinatory categorial grammars cannot even accept all regular tree languages. Additionally, the tree languages accepted by combinatory categorial grammars with limited rule degrees are characterized: If only application rules are allowed, then they can accept only a proper subset of the regular tree languages, whereas they can accept exactly the regular tree languages once first degree composition rules are permitted
- âŠ