30 cubic meters batching, delivering, and pouring of activated fly ash concrete

ABSTRACT: Mae Moh power plant (Thailand) has expelled fly ash more than 1.5 million tons each year for almost 2 decades. Around two thirds of them was managed to sale in cement and concrete industry. The Minority of fly ash was sale to other industries such as fertilizer. The deeper coal mine lead to the fly ash become high CaO and free. The leftover fly ash has sent to landfill because it failed to meet Thai standard specification of using fly ash in concrete. Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) has sought the sustainable way to maintain the use of fly ash in cement and concrete industry. So, EGAT begin pay attention to alkali-activated fly ash concrete as pilot project. It aims to enhance the turning research to be commercial product. The pilot project was set up in the power plant area with 120 square meters (30 cubic meters) of alkali-activated fly ash concrete. It was planned to overlay in a truck yard which was 20 minutes far away from the batching plant. Several mixtures were pretested in laboratory to achieve the compressive strength more than 28 MPa at 28 days while provided at least 10 cm slump after pouring 2 hours. The mix required 4.5 tons of NaOH 6M and 1.7 tons of sodium silicate to be prepared and stocked in the existing OPC ready mixed plant. These two chemicals had to be well mixed in activator tank to reduce the temperature then rise to ambient before discharging to the batch Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

UPLC-ESI-MRM/MS for Absolute Quantification and MS/MS Structural Elucidation of Six Specialized Pyranonaphthoquinone Metabolites From Ventilago harmandiana

Pyranonaphthoquinones (PNQs) are important structural scaffolds found in numerous natural products. Research interest in these specialized metabolites lies in their natural occurrence and therapeutic activities. Nonetheless, research progress has thus far been hindered by the lack of analytical standards and analytical methods for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We report here that various parts of Ventilago harmandiana are rich sources of PNQs. We developed an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry method to quantitatively determine six PNQs from leaves, root, bark, wood, and heartwood. The addition of standards in combination with a stable isotope of salicylic acid-D-6 was used to overcome the matrix effect with average recovery of 82% +/- 1% (n = 15). The highest concentration of the total PNQs was found in the root (11,902 mu g/g dry weight), whereas the lowest concentration was found in the leaves (28 mu g/g dry weight). Except for the root, PNQ-332 was found to be the major compound in all parts of V. harmandiana, accounting for similar to 48% of the total PNQs quantified in this study. However, PNQ-318A was the most abundant PNQ in the root sample, accounting for 27% of the total PNQs. Finally, we provide novel MS/MS spectra of the PNQs at different collision induction energies: 10, 20, and 40 eV (POS and NEG). For structural elucidation purposes, we propose complete MS/MS fragmentation pathways of PNQs using MS/MS spectra at collision energies of 20 and 40 eV. The MS/MS spectra along with our discussion on structural elucidation of these PNQs should be very useful to the natural products community to further exploring PNQs in V. harmandiana and various other sources

Open Innovation Activity for Product Development in SMEs

Open innovation opens up organizational boundaries so that a company can use and combine internal and external knowledge to develop and commercialize its own innovations, and can take its internal knowledge to market through external channels to generate additional value. There are many studies on large companies that use open innovation in order to develop their products, and keep up with rapid economic changes which affect their businesses. However there are not many studies on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of open innovation. SMEs are crucially important in global economy and innovation. They account for a large proportion in the global economy and create a large number of employment opportunities. They are more innovative than larger companies due to their flexibility and ability to quickly and efficiently integrate inventions created by their development activities. Nonetheless they lack of resources and appropriate structures. Accordingly innovation processes and strategies used for product development by large companies may not be appropriate for them. This study examines if SMEs should adopt open innovation activities for their product development and suggests that SMEs should adopt open innovation activities as complementary approaches to their internal R&D for their product development

Bioinspired Asymmetric Synthesis of (−)-Gymnothelignan V

A bioinspired asymmetric total synthesis of a structurally unique subtype of lignan, namely, (−)-gymnothelignan V, was achieved. The key synthetic sequences involved reduction of the eupomatilone skeleton leading to (−)-gymnothelignan J followed by the formation of the corresponding oxocarbenium ion and stereoselective intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction. Our synthetic approach provides the information to support the plausible biosynthetic pathway of this structurally unusual lignan. On a similar basis, other structurally related natural and non-natural gymnothelignans including (−)-gymnothelignan D, 6,9-bis-<i>epi</i>-gymnothelignan V, and 5-<i>epi</i>-gymnothelignans D and J were readily prepared

Oxidative Difluoromethylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using TMSCF₂SPh: Synthesis of Fluorinated Pyrrolo[2,1‑<i>a</i>]isoquinolines and Benzo[<i>a</i>]quinolizidines

An efficient <i>C</i>1-difluoromethylation of tetrahydroisoquinolenes was achieved using TMSCF₂SPh as a difluoromethylating agent and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEMPO⁺BF₄^–) as an oxidant. The process provides an access to a variety of <i>C</i>1-difluoro­(phenylsulfanyl)­methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline adducts in good yields. These adducts were employed as key precursors for preparing fluorinated pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinoline and benzo­[<i>a</i>]­quinolizidines

Synthesis of <i>C</i>₂‑Symmetric <i>gem</i>-Difluoromethylenated Angular Triquinanes

A synthesis of symmetrical <i>gem</i>-difluoromethylenated angular triquinanes is described. The synthetic strategy involved sequential fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of PhSCF₂SiMe₃ (<b>1</b>) to 2,2-diallylated or 2,2-dipropargylated indane-1,3-diones <b>2</b> followed by stereoselective radical cyclization of the resulting adducts <b>3</b> to provide the cyclized <i>gem</i>-difluoromethylenated diquinanes <b>4</b> as a mixture of stereoisomers. Repeated addition of <b>1</b> to <b>4</b> followed by cyclization resulted in the stereoselective synthesis of the desired <i>C</i>₂-symmetric <i>gem</i>-difluoromethylenated angular triquinanes <b>6</b> in good yields with high stereoselectivity