Efficiency of developing renewable energy market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service

Green Economy: Regional Priorities

The article is dedicated to transforming the economy of Russian regions to a green economy, which is an essential factor for the sustainable development. This is important not only for Russia but the whole world because our country has the great natural capital and provides important environmental services that support the planet biosphere. Based on the analysis of economic, social and ecological statistical data and Human Development Index (HDI) we have shown that the development of Russian Federal Districts is very unbalanced and each Russian region has its own way to new economic model. For instance, it is necessary to increase the well-being in the North Caucasus Federal District, it is important to reach higher life expectancy at birth in the Siberian and the Far Eastern Districts. It is necessary to move from the «brown» economy to a green one by using the human capital (building a knowledge economy), by applying Best Available Technologies (Techniques), by investing in efficiency of use of natural resources and by increasing energy efficiency. The transition to a green economy will help to achieve social equity and the development of human potential; it helps to move from the exploitation of non-renewable natural capital to renewable human capital. All these socio-economic measures should give decoupling effect, make risks lower, reduce the exploitation of natural capital, stop the environmental degradation and prevent the ecological crisis. Transition to the green economic model has to be accompanied by new economic development indicators, which take into account social and environmental factors

Effects derived from occupational exposure to hazardous substances in pregnant working women: systematic review

[ES] Objetivo: Revisar y analizar los efectos derivados de la exposición laboral en las mujeres trabajadoras embarazadas expuestas a sustancias peligrosas. Métodos: Análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y MEDES, hasta enero 2021. La ecuación de búsqueda se formuló́ mediante los descriptores «Pregnancy», «Hazardous Substances» y «Occupational Exposure», utilizando también los Entry Terms relacionados y los filtros: «Humans» y «Adult: 19+ years». La calidad de los artículos se evaluó mediante el cuestionario STROBE y el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación mediante los criterios SIGN. Resultados: De las 420 referencias recuperadas (366 de forma digital y 54 manual), tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 35 artículos. La evaluación mediante STROBE dio una mediana de 15,32 y según los criterios SIGN se obtuvo un grado de evidencia 2+ y recomendación C. La obsolescencia de las publicaciones fue elevada (semiperiodo de Burton-Kebler: 22,00; índice de Price: 0%). En 25 de los 35 estudios revisados la exposición fue a los disolventes orgánicos. En 22 artículos se notificó la aparición de alteraciones congénitas. Conclusiones: Los trabajos revisados presentaron un alto índice de obsolescencia y un grado de evidencia y recomendación que no permitió asegurar por completo la validez y fiabilidad de las observaciones realizadas. Los resultados mostraron la asociación entre la exposición a sustancias peligrosas con la aparición de diferentes daños para la salud de la trabajadora embarazada y su descendencia. La mayor exposición fue a los disolventes orgánicos y el efecto más observado las alteraciones congénitas. [EN] Objective: To systematically review and analyze the health effects derived from occupational exposure to hazardous substances in pregnant working women. Methods: Critical analysis of studies retrieved by systematic review of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and MEDES, through January 2021. The search strategy was developed by means of the descriptors «pregnancy», «hazardous substances» and «occupational exposure», as well as by using related entry terms and the filters «humans» and «adult: 19+ years». Study quality was assessed using the STROBE questionnaire, and the level of evidence and grade of recommendation via the SIGN criteria. Results: Out of 420 references identified (366 digitally and 54 manually) and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 articles were selected. The STROBE evaluation yielded a median score of 15.32, and the SIGN criteria a 2+ level of evidence and a C grade of recommendation. Article obsolescence was high (Burton-Kebler half-life: 22.0; Price index: 0%). In 25 out of 35 studies, the exposure evaluated was to organic solvents. In 22 articles, congenital abnormalities were identified as a health effect. Conclusions: This systematic review revealed a high level of obsolescence and a degree of evidence and recommendation that limit the validity and reliability of the observations. Results indicated an association between exposure to hazardous substances and the occurrence of different adverse health effects in pregnant workers and their offspring. The most common exposure was to organic solvents and the most common observed effect were congenital abnormalities.S

Closest horizons of Hsp70 engagement to manage neurodegeneration

Our review seeks to elucidate the current state-of-the-art in studies of 70-kilodalton-weighed heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The family has already been shown to play a crucial role in pathological aggregation for a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. However, a slender boundary between a big body of fundamental data and its implementation has only recently been crossed. Currently, we are witnessing an anticipated advancement in the domain with dozens of studies published every month. In this review, we briefly summarize scattered results regarding the role of Hsp70 in the most common NDs including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also bridge translational studies and clinical trials to portray the output for medical practice. Available options to regulate Hsp70 activity in NDs are outlined, too

Closest horizons of Hsp70 engagement to manage neurodegeneration

Our review seeks to elucidate the current state-of-the-art in studies of 70-kilodalton-weighed heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The family has already been shown to play a crucial role in pathological aggregation for a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. However, a slender boundary between a big body of fundamental data and its implementation has only recently been crossed. Currently, we are witnessing an anticipated advancement in the domain with dozens of studies published every month. In this review, we briefly summarize scattered results regarding the role of Hsp70 in the most common NDs including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also bridge translational studies and clinical trials to portray the output for medical practice. Available options to regulate Hsp70 activity in NDs are outlined, too

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ АНТИКОАГУЛЯНТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПРОТЕЗАМИ КЛАПАНОВ СЕРДЦА

Purpose. To improve efficiency and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with prosthetic heart valves by developing and implementing original approaches: 1) sinus rhythm restoration after simultaneous mitral valve replacement with maze procedure, 2) pharmacogenetics approach for individual choice of anticoagulants, and 3) the implementation of patient education program.Materials and methods. 525 patients with prosthetic heart valves were included in the study using cluster sampling in the period from 2008–2013. Group 1 (n=118) patients underwent the study aimed at assessing the restoration of sinus rhythm using original approaches, Group 2 (n=249) patients were included in the study aimed at assessing the efficiency of education program, and Group 3 (n=216) patients were included in the study aimed at assessing the efficiency of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin therapy. All patients underwent on-pump heart valve replacement. Genomic methods as well as non-invasive ultrasound monitoring of intracardiac hemodynamic parameters were used in the study.Results. Simultaneous mitral valve replacement with maze procedure resulted in the restoration of sinus rhythm in 61,8 % of cases; scheduled cardioversion 1,5 months after cardiac surgery ensured sinus rhythm restoration in 84,8 % of patients, and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with biological prosthetic heart valves 6 months after cardiac surgery allowed both sinus rthym restoration and warfarin withdrawal. The introduction of pharmacogenetic approach to warfarin dosing in the early postoperative period resulted in a 2-fold reduction in the time of warfarin dose adjustment and a 25,2 % increase of the therapeutic range of anticoagulation level. The implementation of training program based on the continuity of inpatient and outpatient care allowed decreasing 1,8-fold the risk of thrombotic complications and 2,6-fold hemorrhagic complications 2 years after heart valve replacement. The introduction of the strategy aimed at the improvement of efficiency and safety of warfarin therapy demonstrated the benefits of biological heart valve replacement and the feasibility of an integrated approach.Conclusion. The introduction of the integrated approach composed of the strategies for sinus rhythm restoration, information and motivational approach, and pharmacogenetic approach, ensures a reduction in hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications, improving quality control for warfarin therapy, awareness, and treatment adherence.Цель. Повысить эффективность и безопасность антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с протезированными клапанами сердца путем разработки и внедрения комплекса, основанного на последовательности восстановления синусового ритма после одномоментного протезирования митрального клапана и процедуры «Лабиринт», фармакогенетическом подходе к выбора антикоагулянтов и внедрении обучающей программы.Материалы и методы. За 2008–2013 гг. обследовано 525 больных с протезами клапанов сердца. Первая группа (n=118) пациентов приняла участие в разделе работы, посвященном стратегии восстановления синусового ритма, вторая группа (n=249) участвовала при оценке эффективности обучающей программы, третья (n=216) – в разделе исследования по применению фармакогенетической чувствительности к варфарину. Больным проведены операции в условиях ИК по коррекции клапанной патологии, использовали геномные методы исследования, оценку данных ультразвукового исследования внутрисердечной гемодинамики.Результаты. Применение одномоментной коррекции порока митрального клапана и процедура «Лабиринт» в 61,8 % случаев обеспечивало восстановление синусового ритма; плановая электроимпульсная терапия, проводимая через 1,5 месяца после операции на сердце, увеличивала возможность восстановления синусового ритма у 84,8 % больных; применение катетерной радиочастотной аблации через 6 месяцев после операции на сердце в 100 % случаях способствовало восстановлению синусового ритма у пациентов с биологическими протезами и обеспечивало отмену варфарина. Применение фармакогенетического подхода в раннем послеоперационном периоде привело к уменьшению в 2 раза сроков подбора терапевтической дозы варфарина и увеличению на 25,2 % времени терапевтического диапазона гипокоагуляции. Использование обучающей программы, основанной на преемственности стационарного и амбулаторного этапов, позволило через 2 года после протезирования клапанов сердца в 1,8 раза снизить риск тромботических и в 2,6 раза – геморрагических осложнений.Заключение. Применение комплексного подхода, включающего последовательное восстановление синусового ритма, информационно-мотивационный и фармакогенетический подходы, способствуя улучшению качества контроля терапии варфарином, повышению информированности, приверженности к лечению, обеспечивает уменьшение геморрагических и тромботических осложнений

The Dysregulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Overexpression of c-Myc and C/EBP β

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is well known that the chronic inflammation can promote the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, a number of studies revealed a potential association between colorectal inflammation, cancer progression, and infection caused by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Bacterial enterotoxin activates spermine oxidase (SMO), which produces spermidine and H2O2 as byproducts of polyamine catabolism, which, in turn, enhances inflammation and tissue injury. Using qPCR analysis, we estimated the expression of SMOX gene and ETBF colonization in CRC patients. We found no statistically significant associations between them. Then we selected genes involved in polyamine metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation regulation and estimated their expression in CRC. We observed overexpression of SMOX, ODC1, SRM, SMS, MTAP, c-Myc, C/EBPβ (CREBP), and other genes. We found that two mediators of metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and cell proliferation c-Myc and C/EBPβ may serve as regulators of polyamine metabolism genes (SMOX, AZIN1, MTAP, SRM, ODC1, AMD1, and AGMAT) as they are overexpressed in tumors, have binding site according to ENCODE ChIP-Seq data, and demonstrate strong coexpression with their targets. Thus, increased polyamine metabolism in CRC could be driven by c-Myc and C/EBPβ rather than ETBF infection

Genetic landscape in Russian patients with familial left ventricular noncompaction

BackgroundLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a disorder that can be complicated by heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study is to clarify the genetic landscape of LVNC in a large cohort of well-phenotyped Russian patients with LVNC, including 48 families (n=214).MethodsAll index patients underwent clinical examination and genetic analysis, as well as family members who agreed to participate in the clinical study and/or in the genetic testing. The genetic testing included next generation sequencing and genetic classification according to ACMG guidelines.ResultsA total of 55 alleles of 54 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 24 genes were identified, with the largest number in the MYH7 and TTN genes. A significant proportion of variants −8 of 54 (14.8%) −have not been described earlier in other populations and may be specific to LVNC patients in Russia. In LVNC patients, the presence of each subsequent variant is associated with increased odds of having more severe LVNC subtypes than isolated LVNC with preserved ejection fraction. The corresponding odds ratio is 2.77 (1.37 −7.37; p <0.001) per variant after adjustment for sex, age, and family.ConclusionOverall, the genetic analysis of LVNC patients, accompanied by cardiomyopathy-related family history analysis, resulted in a high diagnostic yield of 89.6%. These results suggest that genetic screening should be applied to the diagnosis and prognosis of LVNC patients