Cholesterol in brain disease: sometimesdeterminant and frequently implicated

Cholesterol is essential for neuronal physiology, both during development and in the adult life: as a major component of cell membranes and precursor of steroid hormones, it contributes to the regulation of ion permeability, cell shape, cell–cell interaction, and transmembrane signaling. Consistently, hereditary diseases with mutations in cholesterol‐related genes result in impaired brain function during early life. In addition, defects in brain cholesterol metabolism may contribute to neurological syndromes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and even to the cognitive deficits typical of the old age. In these cases, brain cholesterol defects may be secondary to disease‐causing elements and contribute to the functional deficits by altering synaptic functions. In the first part of this review, we will describe hereditary and non‐hereditary causes of cholesterol dyshomeostasis and the relationship to brain diseases. In the second part, we will focus on the mechanisms by which perturbation of cholesterol metabolism can affect synaptic function.Fil: Martín, Mauricio Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; ArgentinaFil: Pfrieger, Frank. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Dotti, Carlos G.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ

Synthesis and structural characterization of a diruthenium pentalene complex, [Cp*Ru{(Cp*Ru)(2)B6H14}(Cp*Ru)]

International audienceTreatment of nido-[1,2-(Cp*Ru)(-H)BH], 1 with five equivalents of Te powder led to the isolation of diruthenium pentalene analogue , 2 and a metal indenyl complex ], 3. The ] fragment in 2 may be considered as a true metal-boron analogue of --pentalene ligand ( and ] fragment in 3 is an analogue of -indenyl ligand. The solid-state X-ray structures were unambiguously determined by crystallographic analysis of compounds 2 and 3. Further, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the bonding and the electronic properties of 2a (Cp analogue of 2). The frontier molecular orbital analysis of both 2a and 2b (Cp analogue of reveals a lower HOMO-LUMO gap indicating less thermodynamic stability. SYNOPSIS Treatment of nido-[1,2-(CpRu)-H)BH] with Te powder led to the isolation of diruthenium pentalene analogue and a metal indenyl complex ]

Novel organometallic cationic ruthenium(II) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl benzenesulfonamide complexes targeted to inhibit carbonic anhydrase

Cationic ruthenium(II) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl benzenesulfonamide sandwich complexes have been synthesized and screened for enzymatic inhibition of the physiologically dominant carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes: human CA I and II, mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB, and the cancer-associated isozyme IX. The complexes demonstrated weaker binding to CAs compared with typical aromatic sulfonamides, inhibiting the enzyme at high nanomolar concentrations. An in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of the complexes was also undertaken against a range of tumorigenic cell lines and a healthy human cell line. Complexes inhibited the growth of cancerous cells at low micromolar concentrations while expressing lower levels of toxicity towards the normal human cell line. Factors influencing the synthesis, cytotoxicity, and enzyme affinity for this series of organometallic complexes are discussed