A unifying framework for seed sensitivity and its application to subset seeds

We propose a general approach to compute the seed sensitivity, that can be applied to different definitions of seeds. It treats separately three components of the seed sensitivity problem -- a set of target alignments, an associated probability distribution, and a seed model -- that are specified by distinct finite automata. The approach is then applied to a new concept of subset seeds for which we propose an efficient automaton construction. Experimental results confirm that sensitive subset seeds can be efficiently designed using our approach, and can then be used in similarity search producing better results than ordinary spaced seeds

The dynamic nature of Cu sites in Cu-SSZ-13 and the origin of the seagull NOx conversion profile during NH3-SCR

Cu-Zeolites with chabazite structure show a peculiar dual-maxima NO conversion profile, also known as a seagull profile, during the selective catalytic reduction by ammonia. In order to understand the origin of this behavior, systematic catalytic tests and operando spectroscopy were applied to derive structure–performance relationships for Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with low and high Cu loading. Operando X-ray absorption, X-ray emission and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements, including novel photon-in/photon-out techniques, demonstrated the interconversion of isolated Cu sites and dimeric bis(μ-oxo) Cu species, the former occurring via formation of ammonia Cu2+/Cu+ complexes and the latter in an oxidizing gas mixture. The formation of dimeric Cu+–O2–Cu+ species by involving Cu sites in close vicinity was linked to the high activity at low temperatures of the highly loaded Cu-SSZ-13 sample. In contrast, the isolated Cu sites present at very low Cu loadings are strongly poisoned by adsorbed NH3. The activity decrease around 350 °C that gives rise to the seagull shaped NO conversion profile could be attributed to a more localized structure of mono(μ-oxo)dicopper complexes. Above this temperature, which corresponds to partial NH3 desorption from Cu sites, the isolated Cu sites migrate to form additional dimeric entities thus recovering the SCR activity

Dictionary Matching with One Gap

The dictionary matching with gaps problem is to preprocess a dictionary $D$ of $d$ gapped patterns $P_1,\ldots,P_d$ over alphabet $\Sigma$, where each gapped pattern $P_i$ is a sequence of subpatterns separated by bounded sequences of don't cares. Then, given a query text $T$ of length $n$ over alphabet $\Sigma$, the goal is to output all locations in $T$ in which a pattern $P_i\in D$, $1\leq i\leq d$, ends. There is a renewed current interest in the gapped matching problem stemming from cyber security. In this paper we solve the problem where all patterns in the dictionary have one gap with at least $\alpha$ and at most $\beta$ don't cares, where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are given parameters. Specifically, we show that the dictionary matching with a single gap problem can be solved in either $O(d\log d + |D|)$ time and $O(d\log^{\varepsilon} d + |D|)$ space, and query time $O(n(\beta -\alpha )\log\log d \log ^2 \min \{ d, \log |D| \} + occ)$, where $occ$ is the number of patterns found, or preprocessing time and space: $O(d^2 + |D|)$, and query time $O(n(\beta -\alpha ) + occ)$, where $occ$ is the number of patterns found. As far as we know, this is the best solution for this setting of the problem, where many overlaps may exist in the dictionary.Comment: A preliminary version was published at CPM 201

Computer-aided design of novel HIV-1 entry inhibitors blocking the virus envelope gp120 V3 loop

Aim. The object of this study was to implement computer-aided design of the water-soluble analog of glycolipid β -galactosylceramide (β-GalCer), which presents a potential HIV-1 entry inhibitor, by the analysis of intermolecular interactions of β-GalCer with the central region of the virus envelope gp120 V3 loop followed by synthesis of this glycolipid derivative and testing for antiviral activity. Methods. To reach the object of view, computer modeling procedures, such as quantum chemical calculations, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and free energy simulations, were involved in the studies in conjunction with chemical synthesis and anti-HIV-1 assay methods. Results. As a result, the high probability of exhibiting of antiviral activity was predicted for the designed β-GalCer analog. The data of molecular modeling were confirmed by those of primary medical trials of the synthesized compound. Conclusions. In the light of the findings obtained, the designed analog of β-GalCer may be considered as the basic structure for simulation of its more potent structural forms and for posterior selection of drug candidates most promising for synthesis and anti-HIV-1 assays. Keywords: HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop, glycolipids, computer modeling, chemical synthesis, anti-AIDS drugs.Мета. На основі аналізу міжмолекулярних взаємодій гліколіпіду β-галактозилцераміду (β-GalCer) з центральною областю петлі V3 білка gp120 оболонки вірусу здійснити комп’ютерне конструювання водорозчинного аналога β-GalCer – потенційного інгібітора адсорбції ВІЛ-1 – з наступним синтезом цього похідного гліколіпіду і тестуванням на противірусну активність. Методи. Комп’ютерне моделювання: квантово-хімічні розрахунки, молекулярний докінг, молекулярна динаміка і оцінка вільної енергії утворення надмолекулярних структур, а також методи хімічного синтезу та тестування на анти-ВІЛ активність. Результати. Для сконструйованого аналога β-GalCer передбачено високу ймовірність прояву противірусної активності. Дані молекулярного моделювання підтверджено результатами первинних медичних випробувань синтезованої хімічної сполуки. Висновки. Отриманий аналог β-GalCer можна розглядати як базову структуру для моделювання його більш ефективних модифікованих форм і подальшого відбору молекул, перспективних для синтезу і тестування на анти-ВІЛ активність. Ключові слова: петля V3 білка gp120 ВІЛ-1, гліколіпіди, комп’ютерне моделювання, хімічний синтез, лікарські препарати проти СНІДу.Цель. На основе анализа межмолекулярных взаимодействий гликолипида β-галактозилцерамида (β-GalCer) с центральной областью петли V3 белка gp120 оболочки вируса осуществить компьютерное конструирование водорастворимого аналога β-GalCer – потенциального ингибитора адсорбции ВИЧ-1 – с последующим синтезом этого производного гликолипида и тестированием на противовирусную активность. Методы. Компьютерное моделирование: квантово-химические расчеты, молекулярный докинг, молекулярная динамика и оценка свободной энергии образования надмолекулярных структур, а также методы химического синтеза и тестирования на анти-ВИЧ активность. Результаты. Для сконструированного аналога β-GalCer предсказана высокая вероятность проявления противовирусной активности. Данные молекулярного моделирования подтверждены результатами первичных медицинских испытаний синтезированного химического соединения. Выводы. Полученный аналог β-GalCer можно рассматривать как базовую структуру для моделирования его более эффективных модифицированных форм и последующего отбора молекул, перспективных для синтеза и тестирования на анти-ВИЧ активность. Ключевые слова: петля V3 белка gp120 ВИЧ-1, гликолипиды, компьютерное моделирование, химический синтез, лекарственные препараты против СПИДа

Immunotropic and antiviral therapy of cuteneous neoplasms associated with papillomavirus infection

[No abstract available

Immunotropic therapy in the multimodality treatment of genital papillomavirus infection

[No abstract available