2 research outputs found

    Temperature of spring water in Polonina Wetlinska massif

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    The temperature of spring water reflects recharge condition, depth, and circulation time of supplying with ground water. The aim of the study was to characterize spring water temperature in Polonina Wetlinska massif and to determine the factors controlling its spatial diversity and seasonal changes. The data from field mapping in 2010 and 2011 were used along with data collected in 2012-14 by automatic data logger. Neither regularity in spatial diversity of spring water temperature was identified nor was relation with elevation and slope exposition. On the other hand a dependency between spring water temperature and type of outflow (rheocrene/bog springs) was observed, which was controlled by the heating process of groundwater in spring niche. The same mechanism controlled the higher temperature of water in springs of low discharge than observed in the most abundant ones. The temperature of monitored spring were stable throughout the year - the annual amplitude did not exceed 2^{\circ}C. Two types of thermal regime were identified

    Changes of the grazing area in the Polish Carpathians since the mid-19th century

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    W niniejszej pracy za pomoc膮 narz臋dzi GIS wykonano analizy przestrzenne, dzi臋ki kt贸rym wyznaczono potencjalne obszary pasterskie b臋d膮ce enklawami le艣nymi w 1860 roku. Najwi臋cej obszar贸w pasterskich odnotowano w Bieszczadach i Beskidzie 呕ywieckim, najmniej z kolei w Beskidzie Makowskim i Wyspowym. Najwi臋ksze polany w tym czasie wyst臋powa艂y w Beskidzie 艢l膮skim oraz 呕ywieckim. Na podstawie materia艂贸w cyfrowych z okresu 1860-2013 dla obszaru Karpat Polskich okre艣lono r贸wnie偶 zmiany powierzchni oraz ilo艣ci enklaw 艣r贸dle艣nych jakim podlega艂y w czasie i przestrzeni. Scharakteryzowano zmiany zachodz膮ce na r贸偶nych wysoko艣ciach terenu oraz udzia艂 powierzchni obszar贸w pasterskich w czterech klasach form rze藕by otrzymanej za pomoc膮 wska藕nika TPI. Wyniki bada艅 potwierdzaj膮 trendy opisane w literaturze badanego obszaru. Odnotowano sta艂y wzrost powierzchni le艣nych kosztem potencjalnych obszar贸w pasterskich. Wt贸rna sukcesja ro艣linno艣ci w tym obszarze rozpocz臋艂a si臋 wraz z wysiedleniem ludno艣ci 艂emkowskiej i bojkowskiej z obszaru Bieszczad oraz Beskidu Niskiego i w艂a艣nie na tym obszarze post臋powa艂a najszybciej. W kolejnych okresach najszybciej zanika艂y obszary pasterskie po艂o偶one na grzbietach oraz stokach stromych. Najwi臋kszy spadek powierzchni enklaw w kolejnych okresach odnotowano w przedziale wysoko艣ci 750-1000 m n.p.m.In this thesis, using GIS spatial analysis has been performed to identify areas which were forest enclaves in 1860, and, therefore, potential grazing areas. Most grazing areas have been reported in the Bieszczady and Beskid 呕ywiecki, least in Beskid Makowski and Beskid Wyspowy. The largest pasture in this time occurred in the Beskid 艢l膮ski and Beskid 呕ywiecki. On the basis of digital material from the period of the 1860-2013 for the Polish Carpathians the areal changes, and the amount of in-forest enclaves which are subject to time and space has also been specified. Thesis describes the changes at different elevations and part of grazing areas in four landform classes obtained by using the TPI Index. The test results confirm the trends described in the literature of the studied area. There has been a steady increase in the forest area at the expense of potential grazing areas. Secondary succession of the vegetation in this area began with the displacement of the population of the Lemkos from the Bieszczady and Beskid Niski and just in this area has progressed the fastest. In subsequent periods grazing areas located on ridges and steep slopes diminished at the fastest rate. The largest decrease in the surface of the enclaves in subsequent periods were recorded in the range 750-1000 m above sea level
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