40 research outputs found
Prospects in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
Tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption,
emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry) are considered. The
first three techniques are the most widespread and universal, with the best
sensitivity attributed to atomic mass spectrometry. In the direct elemental
analysis of solid samples, the leading roles are now conquered by laser-induced
breakdown and laser ablation mass spectrometry, and the related techniques with
transfer of the laser ablation products into inductively-coupled plasma.
Advances in design of diode lasers and optical parametric oscillators promote
developments in fluorescence and ionization spectrometry and also in absorption
techniques where uses of optical cavities for increased effective absorption
pathlength are expected to expand. Prospects for analytical instrumentation are
seen in higher productivity, portability, miniaturization, incorporation of
advanced software, automated sample preparation and transition to the
multifunctional modular architecture. Steady progress and growth in
applications of plasma- and laser-based methods are observed. An interest
towards the absolute (standardless) analysis has revived, particularly in the
emission spectrometry.Comment: Proofread copy with an added full reference list of 279 citations. A
pdf version of the final published review may be requested from Alexander
Bol'shakov <[email protected]
MAGNETIC SURFACE-MODIFIED NANOSIZED SORBENT FOR MSPE-HPLC-UV DETERMINATION IN NATURAL WATERS
In order to develop a more simple and efficient procedure of preconcentration and determination of the organic pollutants in waters it has been proposed to apply a static mode of magnetic solid-phase extraction using a novel surface-modified nanosized sorbent. The synthesis procedure of the sorbent consisted of: 1) synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by co-precipitation method; 2) subsequent surface modification with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Both stages were performed using microwave heating. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM and dynamic light scattering method. The possible structure of the surface adsorption layer of the sorbent particles was characterized by comparing experimental and literature data on the CTAB adsorption. Sorption properties of the material have been investigated using 4-nonylphenol (4-NF) as an example. The extraction of 4-NF from aqueous solutions and surface waters with typical salt and dissolved organic matter content was shown to be quantitative. The technique based on the magnetic solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of 4-NF has been developed.Β The duration of a single analysis was about 35-40 min, detection limit β 2 Β΅g/L of 4-NF.Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, microwave synthesis, magnetic separation, 4-nonylphenol, HPLC, natural waters(Russian)DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.3.006D.V. Pryazhnikov, M.S. Kiseleva, I.V. Kubrakova V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Anaytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian FederationIn order to develop a more simple and efficient procedure of preconcentration and determination of the organic pollutants in waters it has been proposed to apply a static mode of magnetic solid-phase extraction using a novel surface-modified nanosized sorbent. The synthesis procedure of the sorbent consisted of: 1) synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by co-precipitation method; 2) subsequent surface modification with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Both stages were performed using microwave heating. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM and dynamic light scattering method. The possible structure of the surface adsorption layer of the sorbent particles was characterized by comparing experimental and literature data on the CTAB adsorption. Sorption properties of the material have been investigated using 4-nonylphenol (4-NF) as an example. The extraction of 4-NF from aqueous solutions and surface waters with typical salt and dissolved organic matter content was shown to be quantitative. The technique based on the magnetic solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of 4-NF has been developed.Β The duration of a single analysis was about 35-40 min, detection limit β 2 Β΅g/L of 4-NF.Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, microwave synthesis, magnetic separation, 4-nonylphenol, HPLC, natural watersΒ DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.3.00
(Table 4a) Relative contents of clay minerals from moraine filling material within the Lake Untersee area, East Antarctica
(Table 7) Concentrations of metals and volatile components in bottom sediments from the Lake Untersee, East Antarctica
(Table 6a) REE concentrations in moraine filling material and cryosols within the Lake Untersee area, East Antarctica
Magnetic surface-modified nanosized sorbent for MSPE-HPLC-UV determination in natural waters
Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ (FeβOβ@SiOβ@Π‘Π’ΠΠ). ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ (Π‘Π’ΠΠ). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² FeβOβ@SiOβ@Π‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ 4-Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ (4-ΠΠ€) Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π‘Π’ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 4-ΠΠ€ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° FeβOβ@SiOβ@Π‘Π’ΠΠ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 4-ΠΠ€ (ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ 4-ΠΠ€ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΠΠΠ₯-ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 4-ΠΠ€. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ 35-40 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 4-ΠΠ€ β 2 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/Π».In order to develop a more simple and efficient procedure of preconcentration and determination of the organic pollutants in waters it has been proposed to apply a static mode of magnetic solid-phase extraction using a novel surface-modified nanosized sorbent. The synthesis procedure of the sorbent consisted of: 1) synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by co-precipitation method; 2) subsequent surface modification with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Both stages were performed using microwave heating. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM and dynamic light scattering method. The possible structure of the surface adsorption layer of the sorbent particles was characterized by comparing experimental and literature data on the CTAB adsorption. Sorption properties of the material have been investigated using 4-nonylphenol (4-NF) as an example. The extraction of 4-NF from aqueous solutions and surface waters with typical salt and dissolved organic matter content was shown to be quantitative. The technique based on the magnetic solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of 4-NF has been developed. The duration of a single analysis was about 35-40 min, detection limit - 2 Β΅g/L of 4-NF