Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) as an extraglandular manifestation of primary Sjögren\u27s syndrome: a case report

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is a disease of unknown etiology, which usually occurs after the age of 50, and is manifested by chronic cough and dyspnea. It is a rare but relatively specific feature of Sjögren’s syndrome

Diabetes as a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pojavom pandemije COVID-19, uzrokovane virusom SARS-CoV-2 došlo je do preklapanja s već postojećom pandemijom šećerne bolesti tipa 2, koja je danas jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema u svijetu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti razvijaju li oboljeli od šećerne bolesti težu kliničku sliku s lošijim ishodom infekcije SARS-CoV-2 u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji ne boluju od šećerne bolesti. U prospektivno istraživanje uključeno je 106 osoba, 77,4% muškaraca i 22,6% žena, prosječne dobi 72,83 godine, 34,9% dijabetičara, a 63,2% nedijabetičara. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u težini kliničke slike COVID-19 infekcije, tjelesnoj temperaturi ( 80,6% vrs 84,1%, p=0,65), kašlju ( 69,7% vrs 81%, p=0,213), trajanju bolesti dužem od 10 dana ( 20% vrs 25,8%, p=0,614), gubitku njuha ( 87,1% vrs 89,8%, p=0,695), razini C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) (CRP>100 mg/L, 75,7% vrs 78,8%, p=0,716), plućnim manifestacijama COVID-19 infekcije ( bilateralni infiltrati 97,2% vrs 89,6%, p=0,166), saturaciji hemoglobina kisikom ( SpO2<93%, 97,3% vrs 97%, p=0,934), korištenju mehaničke ventilacije (83,8% vrs 79,1%, p=0,562), korištenju terapije visokim protokom kisika (HFLOW) ( 64,9% vrs 74,2%, p=0,315) u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u ishodima bolesti u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest. Uočena je statistički značajna viša razina interleukina-6 (IL-6) pri prijemu u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest ( IL-6>100 pg/mL, 58,1% vrs 25%, p=0,002). Navedeno možemo objasniti jačim imunološkim odgovorom na SARS-CoV-2 infekciju dijabetičara u usporedbi s nedijabetičarima uz hiperprodukciju proupalnog citokina IL-6. S obzirom na mali broj ispitanika svakako su nužna daljnja istraživanja.The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, coincided with the already existing pandemic of type 2 diabetes, which is today one of the leading public health problems in the world. The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetics develop a more severe clinical picture with a poorer outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with non-diabetic patients. The prospective study included 106 people, 77.4% men and 22.6% women; mean age 72.83 years; 34.9% diabetics, and 63.2% non-diabetics. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of the clinical picture of COVID-19 infection, body temperature (80.6% vs 84.1%, p = 0.65), cough (69.7% vs 81%, p = 0.213), duration disease longer than 10 days (20% vs 25.8%, p = 0.614), olfactory loss (87.1% vs 89.8%, p = 0.695), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (CRP> 100 mg / L, 75.7% vs 78.8%, p = 0.716), pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 infection (bilateral infiltrates 97.2% vs 89.6%, p = 0.166), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2 100 pg / mL, 58.1% vs 25%, p = 0.002 ). There was a statistically significant higher level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when administered to diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (IL-6> 100 pg / mL, 58.1% vrs 25%, p = 0.002 ). This can be explained by a strong immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics compared with non-diabetics with hyperproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Given the small number of respondents, further research is certainly needed

Diabetes as a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pojavom pandemije COVID-19, uzrokovane virusom SARS-CoV-2 došlo je do preklapanja s već postojećom pandemijom šećerne bolesti tipa 2, koja je danas jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema u svijetu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti razvijaju li oboljeli od šećerne bolesti težu kliničku sliku s lošijim ishodom infekcije SARS-CoV-2 u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji ne boluju od šećerne bolesti. U prospektivno istraživanje uključeno je 106 osoba, 77,4% muškaraca i 22,6% žena, prosječne dobi 72,83 godine, 34,9% dijabetičara, a 63,2% nedijabetičara. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u težini kliničke slike COVID-19 infekcije, tjelesnoj temperaturi ( 80,6% vrs 84,1%, p=0,65), kašlju ( 69,7% vrs 81%, p=0,213), trajanju bolesti dužem od 10 dana ( 20% vrs 25,8%, p=0,614), gubitku njuha ( 87,1% vrs 89,8%, p=0,695), razini C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) (CRP>100 mg/L, 75,7% vrs 78,8%, p=0,716), plućnim manifestacijama COVID-19 infekcije ( bilateralni infiltrati 97,2% vrs 89,6%, p=0,166), saturaciji hemoglobina kisikom ( SpO2<93%, 97,3% vrs 97%, p=0,934), korištenju mehaničke ventilacije (83,8% vrs 79,1%, p=0,562), korištenju terapije visokim protokom kisika (HFLOW) ( 64,9% vrs 74,2%, p=0,315) u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u ishodima bolesti u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest. Uočena je statistički značajna viša razina interleukina-6 (IL-6) pri prijemu u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji nemaju šećernu bolest ( IL-6>100 pg/mL, 58,1% vrs 25%, p=0,002). Navedeno možemo objasniti jačim imunološkim odgovorom na SARS-CoV-2 infekciju dijabetičara u usporedbi s nedijabetičarima uz hiperprodukciju proupalnog citokina IL-6. S obzirom na mali broj ispitanika svakako su nužna daljnja istraživanja.The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, coincided with the already existing pandemic of type 2 diabetes, which is today one of the leading public health problems in the world. The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetics develop a more severe clinical picture with a poorer outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with non-diabetic patients. The prospective study included 106 people, 77.4% men and 22.6% women; mean age 72.83 years; 34.9% diabetics, and 63.2% non-diabetics. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of the clinical picture of COVID-19 infection, body temperature (80.6% vs 84.1%, p = 0.65), cough (69.7% vs 81%, p = 0.213), duration disease longer than 10 days (20% vs 25.8%, p = 0.614), olfactory loss (87.1% vs 89.8%, p = 0.695), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (CRP> 100 mg / L, 75.7% vs 78.8%, p = 0.716), pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 infection (bilateral infiltrates 97.2% vs 89.6%, p = 0.166), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2 100 pg / mL, 58.1% vs 25%, p = 0.002 ). There was a statistically significant higher level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when administered to diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (IL-6> 100 pg / mL, 58.1% vrs 25%, p = 0.002 ). This can be explained by a strong immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics compared with non-diabetics with hyperproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Given the small number of respondents, further research is certainly needed