Wewnątrzotrzewnowa inwazyjność raka jajnika z perspektywy komórkowej i molekularnej

Peritoneal cavity is the primary site of ovarian cancer metastasis. It is believed that the intraperitoneal invasiveness of the malignancy is determined by interactions between cancer cells and the normal peritoneal mesothelium. The nature of these interactions is, however, unclear, which is the reason of divergent opinions about the role of mesothelial cells in the progression of the disease. According to some authors, the mesothelium acts as a barrier that prevents the expansion of the tumor cells. According to others, however, these cells actively promote various elements of cancer cell invasiveness. The aim of this study was to present the Reader both the concepts on the role of mesothelial cells in the intraperitoneal development of ovarian cancer metastasis, with particular emphasis on mechanisms of reciprocal interaction between the normal and the cancer cells.Jama otrzewnowa jest głównym miejscem powstawania przerzutów raka jajnika. Uważa się, że wewnątrzotrzewnowa inwazyjność tego nowotworu jest uwarunkowana wzajemnymi oddziaływaniami pomiędzy komórkami rakowymi a prawidłowymi komórkami mezotelium otrzewnowego. Natura tych oddziaływań jest jednak niejasna, co jest powodem rozbieżnych opinii na temat roli komórek mezotelialnych w postępie choroby. Według części autorów, mezotelium pełni funkcję bariery, powstrzymującej ekspansję komórek nowotworowych. Według innych badaczy, natomiast, komórki te aktywnie promują różnego rodzaju wykładniki ich inwazyjności. Celem niniejszej pracy było przybliżenie Czytelnikowi obu koncepcji dotyczących roli mezotelium w powstawaniu wewnątrzotrzewnowych przerzutów raka jajnika, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem mechanizmów wzajemnych oddziaływań między komórkami prawidłowymi a nowotworowymi

Benefits and risks of vitamin D supplementation

Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem not only in Poland but also in the world. Studies from previous years indicate its pleiotropic effect and indicate the need for supplementation both in individual risk groups and in the general population. The main sources of cholecalciferol are skin synthesis and intestinal absorption. Vitamin D deficiency adversely affects the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. It is also associated with gastrointestinal, metabolic, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Through the immune system, it also affects the respiratory system. Prophylactic doses should depend on age, body weight, seasonal insolation and sun exposure, as well as individual factors such as diet and lifestyle. Excessive supply of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, although it is not known how high doses cause toxic effects. Monitoring the exponents of calcium and phosphate metabolism is the basic method of preventing vitamin D toxicity

Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents

Arterial hypertension is a serious clinical problem in everyday medical practice. It mainly affects adult patients, but is also increasingly common in children and adolescents. Making a diagnosis is possible thanks to systematic measurements of blood pressure during routine medical visits, while maintaining appropriate rules and referring to adequate biological norms - centile charts. Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents may be primary, but much more often than in the adult population, it occurs secondary to diseases of other organs and systems. Early diagnosis of hypertension in the developmental age gives a chance to implement adequate therapy by treating the underlying disease, lifestyle modification or pharmacological treatment. The aim of effective therapy of hypertension is to prevent the occurrence of early and long-term complications of the disease, as well as to reduce the risk of hypertensive emergencies

Toward a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of masker type and signal-to-noise ratio on the pupillary response while performing a speech-in-noise test

Difficulties arising in everyday speech communication often result from the acoustical environment, which may contain interfering background noise or competing speakers. Thus, listening and understanding speech in noise can be exhausting. Two experiments are presented in the current study that further explored the impact of masker type and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) on listening effort by means of pupillometry. In both studies, pupillary responses of participants were measured while performing the Danish Hearing in Noise Test (HINT; Nielsen and Dau, 2011). The first experiment aimed to replicate and extend earlier observed effects of noise type and semantic interference on listening effort (Koelewijn et al., 2012). The impact of three different masker types, i.e. a fluctuating noise, a 1-talker masker and a 4-talker masker on listening effort was examined at a fixed speech intelligibility. In a second experiment, effects of SNR on listening effort were examined while presenting the HINT sentences across a broad range of fixed SNRs corresponding to intelligibility scores ranging from 100% to 0% correct performance. A peak pupil dilation (PPD) was calculated and a Growth Curve Analysis (GCA) was performed to examine listening effort involved in speech recognition as a function of SNR. The results of two experiments showed that the pupil dilation response is highly affected by both masker type and SNR when performing the HINT. The PPD was highest, suggesting the highest level of effort, for speech recognition in the presence of the 1-talker masker in comparison to the 4-talker babble and the fluctuating noise masker. However, the disrupting effect of one competing talker disappeared for intelligibly levels around 50%. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the pupillary response strongly varied as a function of SNRs. Listening effort was highest for intermediate SNRs with performance accuracies ranging between 30% and 70% correct. GCA revealed time-dependent effects of the SNR on the pupillary response that were not reflected in the PPD

Cell Wall Anchoring of the Campylobacter Antigens to Lactococcus lactis

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. Recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against Campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. Induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. In this work we tested the usefulness of Lactococcus lactis, the most extensively studied lactic acid bacterium, as a delivery vector for Campylobacter antigens. First we constructed hybrid protein – CjaA antigen presenting CjaD peptide epitopes on its surface. We showed that specific rabbit anti-rCjaAD serum reacted strongly with both CjaA and CjaD produced by a wild type Campylobacter jejuni strain. Next, rCjaAD and CjaA were fused to the C-terminus of the L. lactis YndF containing the LPTXG motif. The genes expressing these proteins were transcribed under control of the L. lactis Usp45 promoter and their products contain the Usp45 signal sequences. This strategy ensures a cell surface location of both analysed proteins, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. In order to evaluate the impact of antigen location on vaccine prototype efficacy, a L. lactis strain producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD was also generated. Animal experiments showed a decrease of Campylobacter cecal load in vaccinated birds as compared with the control group and showed that the L. lactis harboring the surface-exposed rCjaAD antigen afforded greater protection than the L. lactis producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) strains as a mucosal delivery vehicle for chicken immunization. Although the observed reduction of chicken colonization by Campylobacter resulting from vaccination was rather moderate, the experiments showed that LAB strains can be considered as an alternative vector to deliver heterologous antigens to the bird immune system. Additionally, the analysis of the structure and immunogenicity of the generated rCjaAD hybrid protein showed that the CjaA antigen can be considered as a starting point to construct multiepitope anti-Campylobacter vaccines

The state of preservation and protection of the historic wooden residential buildings. Analysis on the example of Ponikiew village

Podstawowym celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie stanu zachowania zabytków tradycyjnej, mieszkalnej architektury drewnianej oraz przedstawienie możliwości ich ochrony. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawione zostały wartości architektury drewnianej, które mają swój wkład w tworzenie narodowego dziedzictwa, oraz historia zainteresowań i badań architektury drewnianej, zarówno świeckiej jak i sakralnej. Na podstawie analizy obiektów z jednej wsi, oraz poparciem ich fotografiami obiektów z okolicznych miejscowości, poruszone zostały problemy, które najczęściej dotykają tego rodzaju zabytki. Praca porusza również kwestie związane ze świadomością społeczną w tym zakresie. Informacje na ten temat zostały zdobyte między innymi poprzez rozmowy z mieszkańcami Ponikwi, który są właścicielami zabytkowych domów. Dzięki analizie różnych działań z wybranych miejscowości, zostały wyprowadzone propozycje działań, które można byłoby zastosować do ochrony dziedzictwa tej wsi.The main aim of the work is to present the state of preservation of traditional, residential wooden architecture and the possibilities of their protection. First of all, the values of wooden architecture, which contribute to the creation of national heritage, and the history of interests and research of wooden architecture, both secular and sacred, are presented. On the basis of the analysis of objects from one village and supporting them with photographs from the surrounding villages, the problems that most often affect this kind of monuments are discussed.The work also raises questions related to social consciousness in this subject. Information on this subject was obtained, through conversations and discussions with the residents of Ponikiew village which owns historic houses.Due to the analysis of various operations of preservation. Propositions of actions that could be applied to the protection of villages' heritage were derived

Fire protection of wooden architectural monuments in Poland. History of the fight against the element up to the present day.

Praca magisterska dotyczy problemu ochrony przeciwpożarowej zabytków architektury drewnianej w Polsce. W pierwszej kolejności skupia się na drewnie i jego właściwościach. Opisuje wady i zalety drewna oraz wyjaśnia proces palenia się tego materiału. Drugi duży rozdział dotyczy świadomości. Zagrożenia związane z budownictwem drewnianym oraz jak je niwelować. Opisuje stosunek do drewnianej architektury do XX wieku oraz historię walki z żywiołem - w jaki sposób budować z drewna, by zniwelować zagrożenie ogniem. Rozdział ostatni dotyczy już współczesności. W pierwszej kolejności skupia się na tym, w jaki sposób ludzie odbierają drewnianą architekturę - jakie wywołuje ona w nich skojarzenia. Następnie omówione zostały techniki pozwalające wykrywać i zapobiegać rozprzestrzenianiu się ognia, pożary w Polsce i ich przyczyny, w jaki sposób zabezpieczane przed pożarami są zabytki budownictwa drewnianego wPolsce oraz wybrane przykłady z zakresu realizacji ochrony przeciwpożarowej.The master thesis deals with the problem of fire protection of wooden architectural monuments in Poland. First of all, it focuses on wood and its properties. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of wood and explains the burning process of this material. The second large chapter deals with awareness. Threats connected with wooden architecture and how to mitigate them. It describes the attitude towards wooden architecture until the 20th century and the history of fighting against the elements - how to build with wood in order to neutralise the fire danger. The last chapter deals with the present day. It first focuses on how people perceive wooden architecture - what associations it evokes in them. Next, the author discusses the techniques allowing to detect and prevent the spread of fire, fires in Poland and their causes, how the monuments of wooden architecture in Poland are protected against fires and selected examples of implementation of fire protection measures.The participants then discussed techniques for detecting and preventing the spread of fire in Poland and their causes, how wooden building monuments in Poland are protected against fire, and selected examples of fire protection implementation

Synthetic Resveratrol Analogue, 3,3\u27,4,4\u27,5,5\u27-Hexahydroxy-trans-Stilbene, Accelerates Senescence in Peritoneal Mesothelium and Promotes Senescence-Dependent Growth of Gastrointestinal Cancers

3,3\u27,4,4\u27,5,5\u27-Hexahydroxy-trans-stilbene (M8) is a synthetic resveratrol derivative, advertised as a candidate drug highly effective against numerous malignancies. Because multiple tumors prone to M8 frequently metastasize into the peritoneal cavity, this study was aimed at establishing the effect of M8 on the growth and senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), the largest cell population within the peritoneum, actively involved in the intraperitoneal spread of cancer. The study showed that M8, used at the highest non-toxic dose of 10 μM, impairs proliferation and accelerates senescence in cultured HPMCs via an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. At the same time, soluble factors released to the environment by HPMCs that senesced prematurely in response to M8 promoted growth of colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas in vitro. These findings indicate that M8 may indirectly—through the modification of normal (mesothelial) cells phenotype—facilitate an expansion of cancer cells, which challenges the postulated value of this stilbene in chemotherapy

Effect of Speech-to-Noise Ratio and Luminance on a Range of Current and Potential Pupil Response Measures to Assess Listening Effort

In hearing research, pupillometry is an established method of studying listening effort. The focus of this study was to evaluate several pupil measures extracted from the Task-Evoked Pupil Responses (TEPRs) in speech-in-noise test. A range of analysis approaches was applied to extract these pupil measures, namely (a) pupil peak dilation (PPD); (b) mean pupil dilation (MPD); (c) index of pupillary activity; (d) growth curve analysis (GCA); and (e) principal component analysis (PCA). The effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; Data Set A: -20 dB, -10 dB, +5 dB SNR) and luminance (Data Set B: 0.1 cd/m2, 360 cd/m2) on the TEPRs were investigated. Data Sets A and B were recorded during a speech-in-noise test and included TEPRs from 33 and 27 normal-hearing native Dutch speakers, respectively. The main results were as follows: (a) A significant effect of SNR was revealed for all pupil measures extracted in the time domain (PPD, MPD, GCA, PCA); (b) Two time series analysis approaches (GCA, PCA) provided modeled temporal profiles of TEPRs (GCA); and time windows spanning subtasks performed in a speech-in-noise test (PCA); and (c) All pupil measures revealed a significant effect of luminance. In conclusion, multiple pupil measures showed similar effects of SNR, suggesting that effort may be reflected in multiple aspects of TEPR. Moreover, a direct analysis of the pupil time course seems to provide a more holistic view of TEPRs, yet further research is needed to understand and interpret its measures. Further research is also required to find pupil measures less sensitive to changes in luminance