What do the contrasting views of Harries and Eisenman add to architectural culture in bringing aesthetic impressions back to the built environment?

In the era of modernism, the natural symbols of art – expressed through aesthetic elements – have been seen replaced by the verbal notations of communication. The replacement forced the postmodernists to deconstruct the concept of modernism to bring back the notion of symbolic art superficially and to revitalize the meaning of art and its cohesive presence in the built environment. The revitalization process, however, does not seem to have gone without raising questions in the academic community. Does the aesthetic impulse come from the structural spirit of a built form alone? Is just aesthetics deeply rooted in built-form identity? Is aesthetics not associated with the social environment and economic living? Can aesthetics exist in isolation? Can aesthetics be more of a by-product of functionality than the product itself? Using the works of Harries and Eisenman, the paper develops a review sketch exploring these questions. Many other attributes, such as aesthetics production, aesthetics generation, and environmental aesthetics, and their roles in art appreciation have ensured positions in the discussion. The conclusions seem to warn that the influence of social co-existence in defining built-form aesthetics in the postmodern era and later, divorced from reality – avoiding the presence of the different layers in the social fabric and their relationships among themselves – seldom helps to produce any futuristic vision but invites chaos in thoughts and perceptions crossing over between studies and practices in architecture

Comparing Pertubagens from Differential Gene Expression Data Analysis of ASD using Random Forest and Statistical Test

Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are treated as candidate biomarkers, and a small set of DEGs might be identified as biomarkers using either biological knowledge or data-driven approaches like machine learning and statistical analysis. In this study, we used a combination of the machine learning algorithm and statistical tests to identify the top 300 genes that are differentially expressed in ASD compared to Typically Developed (TD). Initially, we extracted microarray gene expression data of 15 ASD and 15 TD from NCBI GEO database and used a standard pipeline to preprocess the data. Further, Random Forest (RF) was used to discriminate genes between ASD and TD. We, then analyzed the upregulated and downregulated genes using the logFC value to gain insights into their potential roles in the development of ASD. We further used drug-gene interaction analysis from ConnectivityMap to identify drugs that can inhibit the expression of these genes. Our results show that the proposed RF model yields average 5-fold cross-validation accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 96.67%. Further, we obtained precision and F-measure scores of 97.5% and 96.57%, respectively. Our analysis identified several novel genes that are dysregulated in ASD, including genes (such as proliferation-inducing protein 38 and germinal centre expressed transcript 32) involved in synaptic transmission, neural development, and immune function. We also identified several drugs (such as ATPase_Inhibitor, kinase inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors) that can potentially be used to treat ASD. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ASD and suggest potential targets for drug development. These findings may lead to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ASD

Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of Lumbarized S1-S2 Vertebrae: A Case Report

Introduction Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is usually seen at lumbo-sacral region. Lumbarization of S1 is seen in less than 2% of the population and to have spondylolisthesis in this segment is even rarer. The purpose is to report a rare case of DS at S1-S2 level. Case Report A 52-year-old male, a farmer by profession, presented to Neurosurgery outpatient department with complaint of low back ache for 4 years, which was insidious and progressive. The pain radiated to both lower limbs with more on right than left side. Radiological evaluation with anteroposterior and lateral roentgenogram of lumbo-sacral spine revealed anterolisthesis of S1-S2 (Meyerding's grade 2). Magnetic resonance imaging reported S1-S2 disk bulge with bilateral foraminal stenosis. The patient underwent S1 laminectomy along with S1-S2 discectomy with bilateral S1 and S2 pedicle screws and rod fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Result Postoperative recovery was good with improvement in back pain along with power on postoperative day 1. Conclusion The prevalence of lumbarization is less than 2% and getting spondylolisthesis in this segment is even rarer. As this is one of the first of its kind of case, further case series or longitudinal studies of such cases may help understand better the pathomechanics related to spondylolisthesis at this level

Combined endoscopic-microscopic trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas: An institutional experience

Objective. To obtain evidence that the use of endoscopy along with a microscope in the surgical management of pituitary tumours improves intraoperative visualization and significantly impacts operative outcomes in the trans-nasal approach. Material and methods. Each patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal microscopic tumour resection. The procedure was modified by the use of intrasellar endoscopy as an adjunctive imaging modality. Following complete microscopic resection of tumour, rigid 0° and 30° 4.0-mm endoscopes were used to conduct a final survey of the sellar and parasellar spaces. Residual tumour fragments identified during this endoscopic examination were removed. Results. In 50 patients with pituitary macroadenomas, the rigid 30 ° angled rigid endoscope was found to be highly beneficial. Hidden areas could be visualized and tumour residues were detected. In the majority of the patients with detected tumour residues, adenomatous remnants were safely removed by meticulous endoscopic dissection under optimum visual control after the main part of the tumour had been removed with the operating microscope. Conclusions. Endoscopy provides distinct advantages over microscopy in imaging intrasellar and parasellar structures during pituitary tumour resection which are often missed by microscopy alone

Combined endoscopic-microscopic trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas

Objective. To obtain evidence that the use of endoscopy along with a microscope in the surgical management of pituitary tumours improves intraoperative visualization and significantly impacts operative outcomes in the trans-nasal approach. Material and methods. Each patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal microscopic tumour resection. The procedure was modified by the use of intrasellar endoscopy as an adjunctive imaging modality. Following complete microscopic resection of tumour, rigid 0° and 30° 4.0-mm endoscopes were used to conduct a final survey of the sellar and parasellar spaces. Residual tumour fragments identified during this endoscopic examination were removed. Results. In 50 patients with pituitary macroadenomas, the rigid 30 ° angled rigid endoscope was found to be highly beneficial. Hidden areas could be visualized and tumour residues were detected. In the majority of the patients with detected tumour residues, adenomatous remnants were safely removed by meticulous endoscopic dissection under optimum visual control after the main part of the tumour had been removed with the operating microscope. Conclusions. Endoscopy provides distinct advantages over microscopy in imaging intrasellar and parasellar structures during pituitary tumour resection which are often missed by microscopy alone

Contralateral Endoscopic Approach for a Rare Case of Neuroglial Cyst

Neuroglial cysts are very rare benign lesions of the brain, accounting for up to 1% of all intracranial cysts. Various intracranial locations such as parenchyma, ventricles, subarachnoid spaces, and rarely the spinal cord have been reported. The clinical features vary according to the site of the cyst ranging from being asymptomatic to having headache, seizures, and hemiparesis. It is most commonly seen in infants and children but can be seen in adults too. This rare case is of a middle-aged woman presenting with complaints of headache and left-sided hemiparesis. We report a rare case of a right-sided neuroglial cyst for which a contralateral endoscopic approach was taken for the surgery. Endoscopic cyst fenestration is an ideal modality to treat neuroglial cyst. The contralateral endoscopic approach to treat neuroglial cyst is a better option with the advantage of minimal invasiveness along with better visualization of ventricles and easy maneuverability of the endoscope within the ventricles and surrounding anatomy

ctsit/nacculator: 1.12.1

<p>NACCulator is a Python 3-based data converter that changes REDCap .csv exported data to NACC's fixed-width .txt format. It is configured for UDS3 forms, including FTLD and LBD (versions 3.0 and 3.1). It will perform basic data integrity checks during a run: verifying that each field is the correct type and length, verifying that there are no illegal characters in the Char fields, verifying that Num fields are within the acceptable range as defined in NACC's Data Element Dictionary for each form, and checking that no blanking rules have been violated. NACCulator outputs a .txt file that is immediately ready to submit to NACC's database.</p> <p>This release fixes some minor errors in the blanking rules for the newly released Neuropath version 11.</p&gt