Momentum space properties from coordinate space electron density

Electron density and electron momentum density, while independently tractable experimentally, bear no direct connection without going through the many-electron wave function. However, invoking a variant of the constrained-search formulation of density functional theory, we develop a general scheme (valid for arbitrary external potentials) yielding decent momentum space properties, starting exclusively from the coordinate space electron density. Numerical illustration of the scheme is provided for the closed-shell atomic systems He, Be and Ne and for $1s^1~2s^1$ singlet electronic excited state for Helium by calculating the Compton profiles and the $$ expectation values derived from given coordinate space electron densities.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Towards a path integral for the pure-spin connection formulation of gravity

A proposal for the path-integral of pure-spin-connection formulation of gravity is described, based on the two-form formulation of Capovilla et. al. It is shown that the resulting effective-action for the spin-connection, upon functional integration of the two-form field $\Sigma$ and the auxiliary matrix field $\psi$ is {\it non-polynomial}, even for the case of vanishing cosmological constant and absence of any matter couplings. Further, a diagramatic evaluation is proposed for the contribution of the matrix-field to the pure spin connection action.Comment: 8 pages in plain-TeX.-----IUCAA_TH/9

Watershed Based Technology: Experiences and Lessons

This paper delineates the micro-watershed based technology conceived, designed and developed by ICRISAT and reviews its performance at ICRISAT Centre and in farmers' fields. The earlier results are viewed retrospectively and lessons drawn for solving the difficult problem of spread of this technology in dryland regions of India. ICRISAT has assembled a watershed based technology for dependable rainfall areas of the semi-arid tropics regions of India. The long-term experiments at ICRISAT Centre confirmed that the application of improved technology results in considerable improvements in yields and profitability. The on-farm watershed trials in a few agro-climates of the Indian semi-arid tropics with moderate but dependable rainfall showed that gross profits from improved technology were 1.5-2 times higher than those from the traditional technology as long as management support and adequate inputs were made available. The experience shows that the continuing need for management support for watershed development, credit supply, wheeled tool carriers, infrastructure facilities for supply of seeds, fertilizers and the need of farmer's participation and their training are some of the constraints which seem to impose narrower limits on the technology spread than had earlier been anticipated. The lessons learned from these experiences suggest that these barriers can be removed by close cooperation of researchers, administrators, extension workers and bankers with active participation of the farmers in order to realize the full potential of the watershed based technology

Efficient utilization of energy with an improved farming system for selected semi-arid tropics

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India, has developed an improved technology for the management of Vertisols. The results of testing of this technology in farmers' fields in India have shown that substantially higher yields can be achieved by an efficient application of available energy resources along with other high-value inputs. The technology does not depend upon a tractorized form of energy and improves the productivity of farm labo

Watershed Based Technology: Experiences and Lessons

This paper delineates the micro-watershed based technology conceived, designed and developed by ICRISAT and reviews its performance at ICRISAT Centre and in farmers' fields. The earlier results are viewed retrospectively and lessons drawn for solving the difficult problem of spread of this technology in dryland regions of India. ICRISAT has assembled a watershed based technology for dependable rainfall areas of the semi-arid tropics regions of India. The long-term experiments at ICRISAT Centre confirmed that the application of improved technology results in considerable improvements in yields and profitability. The on-farm watershed trials in a few agro-climates of the Indian semi-arid tropics with moderate but dependable rainfall showed that gross profits from improved technology were 1.5-2 times higher than those from the traditional technology as long as management support and adequate inputs were made available. The experience shows that the continuing need for management support for watershed development, credit supply, wheeled tool carriers, infrastructure facilities for supply of seeds, fertilizers and the need of farmer's participation and their training are some of the constraints which seem to impose narrower limits on the technology spread than had earlier been anticipated. The lessons learned from these experiences suggest that these barriers can be removed by close cooperation of researchers, administrators, extension workers and bankers with active participation of the farmers in order to realize the full potential of the watershed based technology

Economic viability of production of kokum (Garcinia indica Choicy) in Maharashtra, India

Financial feasibility analysis of capital investment in kokum (Garcinia indica) in South Konkan(Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts in Maharashtra) revealed profitability of the enterprise.The initial investment for establishing orchards raised from seedlings and grafts were Rs.38,877 ha-1 and Rs. 69,196 ha-1, respectively. The total cost of production and gross returnswere Rs. 26,417 ha-1 and Rs. 42,820 ha-1 and Rs. 44,931 ha-1 and Rs. 45,572 ha-1, respectively fororchards raised from seedlings and grafts, with a benefit : cost ratio of 1.11 and 1.70,respectively. The net present value for both the types of orchards were positive with a payback period of 7-8 years. &nbsp

Comparative short-term safety of bolus versus maintenance iron dosing in hemodialysis patients: a replication study

Abstract Background Recent research has reported that patients receiving bolus (frequent large doses to achieve iron repletion) versus maintenance dosing of iron have an increased short-term risk of infection, but a similar risk of cardiovascular events. We sought to determine whether these findings could be replicated using the same methods and a different data source. Methods Clinical data from 6,605 patients of a small U.S. dialysis provider merged with Medicare claims data were examined. Iron dosing patterns (bolus, maintenance, no iron) were identified during 1-month exposure periods and cardiovascular and infection-related outcomes were assessed during 3-month follow-up periods. The effects of bolus versus maintenance dosing were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios and semiparametric additive risk models to estimate hazard rate differences, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory values and medications, and comorbidities. Results 48,050 exposure/follow-up periods were examined. 13.9 percent of the exposure periods were bolus dosing, 49.3 percent were maintenance dosing, and the remainder were no iron use. All of the adjusted hazard ratios were >1.00 for the infection-related outcomes, suggesting that bolus dosing increases the risk of these events. The effects were greatest for hospitalized for infection of any major organ system (hazard ratio 1.13 (1.03, 1.24)) and use of intravenous antibiotics (hazard ratio 1.08 (1.02, 1.15). When examining the subgroup of individuals with catheters, the hazard ratios for the infection-related outcomes were generally greater than in the overall sample. There was little association between type of dosing practice and cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions Results of this study provide further evidence of the association between bolus dosing and increased infection risk, particularly in the subgroup of patients with a catheter, and of the lack of an association between dosing practices and cardiovascular outcomes