Structural, optical and nanomechanical properties of (1 1 1) oriented nanocrystalline ZnTe thin films

Structural, optical and nanomechanical properties of nanocrystalline Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) films of thickness upto 10 microns deposited at room temperature on borosilicate glass substrates are reported. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the films were preferentially oriented along the (1 1 1) direction. The maximum refractive index of the films was 2.74 at a wavelength of 2000 nm. The optical band gap showed strong thickness dependence. The average film hardness and Young’s modulus obtained from loaddisplacement curves and analyzed by Oliver-Pharr method were 4 and 70 GPa respectively. Hardness of (1 1 1) oriented ZnTe thin films exhibited almost 5 times higher value than bulk. The studies show clearly that the hardness increases with decreasing indentation size, for indents between 30 and 300 nm in depth indicating the existence of indentation size effect. The coefficient of friction for these films as obtained from the nanoscratch test was ∼0.4.Financial support in the form of fellowships to MSRNK and SK from the ACRHEM project of DRDO is acknowledged

Qualitative analysis fingertip patterns in ABO blood group

The inheritance of the dermatoglyphic patterns is polygenic. The genetic basis of the blood group is well established. The correlation between the dermatoglyphic patterns and the ABO blood group is studied by some workers in different populations. In the present study, the correlation between dermatoglyphics and ABO blood group is studied in the Marathwada Region of Maharashtra. The qualitative data included fingertip patterns and three indices. It was observed that, the Arch pattern is more common in blood group O both in male and female. Ulnar loop is most common in the blood group AB. Simple whorl and double loop whorl patterns are less frequent in blood group AB. Accidentals were not recorded in blood group A while blood group O show highest percentage of accidentals. Dankmeijer’s index was highest in blood group AB and lowest in blood group B

APPROXIMATION OF HYSTERESIS DENSITY FUNCTION IN STRETCH SENSOR

Stretch SensorTM developed by Images Scientific Instruments Inc, USA, is a unique polymer component that changes resistance when stretched. When sensor is stretched and released it exhibits hysteresis and large relaxation time. For identification of hysteresis and relaxation, Preisach model is a very well-known method. Experiments are carried out using tension tester and the experimental data is used for identification. Modified Preisach model is used for relaxation identification and the experimental data is discretized for analysis of relaxation. Identification is based on first reversal curve of major hysteresis loop and noise error of sensor. It has been observed that if sensor is used in pre-stretch conditions, relaxation time is reduced. Also more the iterations of stretch, hysteresis is reduced and sensor output error is also reduced. Hysteresis and relaxation time cannot be eliminated because they are inherent properties of polymer but can be compensated under specific conditions. Compensation is useful for calibration of the sensor

Effect of Planned Early Recommended Ambulation Technique on Selected Post caesarean Biophysiological Health Parameters

Background: Caesarean section has been a part of human culture since ancient times. It has been used effectively throughout the 20th century and among the major abdominal surgeries, it is the most common, oldest worldwide surgery performed in obstetrics. Despite the life saving advantages, there are several adverse consequences of caesarean delivery for a woman and to her household. The rate and risk of these complications increases due to the increasing incidence mainly in countries like India. The role of nurse midwife is to act in the best interest of patient and newborn and make the patient independent in carrying out the activities of daily living as soon as possible. This can lead to a faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Also it can indirectly help in reducing the complications associated with prolonged bed rest and can improve the maternal newborn bonding. Aim and Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of planned early ambulation on selected biophysiological health parameters of post caesarean patients. Material and Methods: The study included total 500 study subjects, 250 in experimental and 250 in control group. Quasi experimental approach with multiple time series design was adopted for the study. The experimental group was given an early planned recommended ambulation technique starting from the day of surgery. This consisted of deep breathing exercise, cough exercise, leg exercise and early mobilization. Over and above, the routine general health care was given by the doctors and nurses. The control group received only by routine general care by doctors and nurses and mobilization on third post operative day as per strategy adopted by the hospital. The deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises and leg exercises were not given routinely and hence were not given to the control group. Post caesarean biophysiological parameters chart was used to assess the selected parameters for first five post operative days. Result: The significant findings of the study were that there was a significant difference in the proportions of normal observations of selected biophysiological health parameters like incisional pain, condition of breast, condition of abdomen and peristaltic movements of experimental group as compared to that of control group. All these parameters improved significant during first five post caesarean days at 0.05 level of significance. Thus the alternative hypothesis was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected. From the present study it could be concluded that the early planned ambulation is an effective strategy for post operative management of caesarean patient. It can help in avoiding morbidity and can enhance the early recovery of the patient

A Review: Analysis of White Space for Designing Communication Module

In this paper we propose the literature review related to analysis of White Space for Designing Communication Module. The radio frequency spectrum is an essential factor in communication network. With demand for wireless connectivity increasing, the exploitation of white space is an attractive way of making more efficient use of radio spectrum. This paper is based on the detecting the unutilized spectrum that can safely be used for broadband communication networks

A nanocrystal technology: to enhance solubility of poorly water soluble drugs

Most of the recently developed new chemical entities are poorly water soluble and they create major problems during formulation and development of new dosage form and due to poor solubility and poor bioavailability. The drugs belong to BCS class II and class IV has problem of solubility, to overcome the solubility problem nanotechnology is most useful technique. In this review article the main focus on Nanocrystals and various techniques used for preparation of Nanocrystals. Drug nanocrystals consists pure poorly water soluble drugs without any matrix material which means that it is carrier free drug delivery. Nanocrystals technologies have been introduced as advantageous, universal formulation approaches for the BCS class II and IV drugs. Nanocrystals, with greater surface to volume ratio, can effectively increase both the dissolution rate and saturation solubility of active ingredients The Nanocrystals is suitable drug delivery system for all commonly used routes of administration such as oral, IV, SC, and IM and topical application. Nanocrystals can also be incorporated into the tablets, capsules, fast-melts and lyophilized for sterile product applications. There are no of techniques which are used for production including precipitation, milling, high pressure homogenization and combination methods such as Nano-Edge, SmartCrystal and Precipitation-lyophilization-homogenization (PLH) technology

Ectopic Prostatic and Seminal Vesicle Tissue Confusing as Metastatic Adenocarcinoma

Ectopic prostatic tissue and seminal vesicle at pericolic fat is extremely rare. The nodules in the pericolic fat could raise a dilemma of metastatic deposits in cases of rectal adenocarcinoma. A 61 years old male underwent abdomino-perineal resection for rectal carcinoma. Nodules along with lymph nodes from pericolic fat were sampled to assess the spread. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of one nodule confirmed it to be the prostatic tissue while another nodule to be seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicle and prostatic heterotopia is significant in several respects, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, as the ectopic tissue can be endoscopically and histologically confused with malignancy of urinary or lower gastrointestinal system and may reflect divergent differentiation or a malformative process

Comparative study of programmed labor and traditional management of labor

Background: Prolongation of labor leads to dehydration, ketoacidosis, infection, fetal asphyxia. Programmed labor aims at reducing the duration of labor, labor pain and incidence of cesarean section with improved maternal and neonatal outcome.Aims and Objectives:1)       To evaluate the effect of programmed labor on duration of labor.2)       To assess efficacy of analgesics in reducing pain of labor.3)       To find out maternal and neonatal complications.4)       To study impact of programmed labor on LSCS rates.Methods: Prospective randomized study of primigravida in active labor (after 4 cm cervical dilatation) for which 100 women were selected for programmed labor (cases) and 100 women were selected for traditional management of labor (controls). Cases were subjected to interventions to improve uterine contractions (ARM, Dinoprostone tablets, and Oxytocin drip), to facilitate cervical dilatation (Inj. Drotaverine), to relieve labor pains (Inj. Pentazocine & Diazepam). All labors were monitored by partogram.Results: Programmed labor reduced duration of first and second stage of labor. There was faster cervical dilatation (1.8 cm/hour against 1.2 cm/hour). Majority of the patients had better pain relief. There was no impact on LSCS ratesConclusions: Programmed labor significantly reduced duration of labor with good pain relief without compromising maternal and fetal/neonatal safety. But it had no impact on LSCS rates

Rare case of huge rectal and uterovaginal prol

A case of combined genital prolapse and rectal prolapse in a 60-year-old multipara is reported. The treatment of mixed prolapse remains surgical and should be treated the genital prolapse by vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair and the rectal prolapse by means of the Delorme operation. The mortality and morbidity rates are zero if this operation is used and the relapse rate is only 8 to 11% for the rectal prolapse. It would appear that the two approaches are rarely associated by the authors and would seem to be interesting to reconsider this question by indicating mixed treatment of the two prolapses whenever possible