Programmable Electronic Delay Device for Detonator

Delay devices are used to perform various roles like aiding in sequential release of payload, providing safety in flight/ trajectory, enabling self-destruction of ammunitions, allowing blast of the warhead after penetration in runway/bunker, etc. The delay time is introduced to cause a series of detonation events from the explosive charge, in order to achieve desired efficiency. Inspite of many improvements performed along the years, in search of precise delay compositions, it is noticed that the obtained accuracy in chemical delay compositions is of ±4%.The present work using microcontroller gives possible accuracy of upto ±1%.This paper discusses about programmable electronic delay device, timing accuracy of electronic delay device and its merits over chemical delay devices.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(3), pp.305-307, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.288

The village impact of machine threshing and implications for technology development in the semi‐arid tropics of peninsular India

This study evaluates the dynamic consequences of machine threshing in the Semi‐Arid Tropics (SAT) of Peninsular India. We rely on a panel of 30 cultivator and 10 landless labour households to monitor, over five cropping years from 1975/76 to 1979/80, the impact of mechanical threshing on the village economy. Machine threshing did not significantly reduce costs, increase cropping intensity, or greatly harm labour. These results are strongly conditioned by the ecological features of the SAT. Their implications for public‐sector investment in research on selective threshing mechanisation are drawn

The village level impact Of machine threshing and implications for technology development in semi-arid tropical India

Should research institutions in the public sector invest scarce resources in the evaluation and design of threshing technologies for the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) of India? This question is multifaceted, but it can be simplified into two dimensions--consequences and comparative advantage..

Nonlinearities in Conservative Growth Equations

Using the dynamic renormalization group (DRG) technique, we analyze general nonlinearities in a conservative nonlinear growth equation with non-conserved gaussian white noise. We show that they fall in two classes only: the Edwards-Wilkinson and Lai-Das Sarma types, by explicitly computing the associated amputated two and three point functions at the first order in perturbation parameter(s). We further generalize this analysis to higher order nonlinearities and also suggest a physically meaningful geometric interpretation of the same.Comment: REVTEX, will appear in Phys Rev E Rapid Comm. February 1996, .ps figure file available upon request to [email protected]

Metabolite and enzyme profiles of glycogen metabolism in Methanococcoides methylutens

When a buffered anaerobic cell suspension of Methanococcoides methylutens was maintained under methanol-limited conditions, intracellular glycogen and hexose phosphates were consumed rapidly and a very small amount of methane formed at 4 h of a starvation period. When methanol was supplemented after a total of 20 h of starvation, a reverse pattern was observed: the glycogen level and the hexose phosphate pool increased, and formation of methane took place after a lag period of 90 min. A considerable amount of methane was formed in 120 min after its detection with a rate of 0.18 µmol mg-1 protein min-1. When methane formation decreased after 270 min of incubation and finally came to a halt, probably due to complete assimilation of supplemented methanol, the levels of glycogen and hexose monophosphates decreased once again. However fructose 1,6-diphosphate levels showed a continuous increase even after exhaustion of methane formation. In contrast to the hexose phosphate pool, levels of other metabolites showed a small increase after addition of methanol. The enzyme profile of glycogen metabolism showed relatively high levels of triose phosphate isomerase. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reacted with NADPH with a three-fold higher activity as compared to that with NADH

Universality class of the restricted solid-on-solid model with hopping

We study the restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model with finite hopping distance $l_{0}$, using both analytical and numerical methods. Analytically, we use the hard-core bosonic field theory developed by the authors [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 62}, 7642 (2000)] and derive the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (VLD) equation for the $l_{0}=\infty$ case which corresponds to the conserved RSOS (CRSOS) model and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for all finite values of $l_{0}$. Consequently, we find that the CRSOS model belongs to the VLD universality class and the RSOS models with any finite hopping distance belong to the KPZ universality class. There is no phase transition at a certain finite hopping distance contrary to the previous result. We confirm the analytic results using the Monte Carlo simulations for several values of the finite hopping distance.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Economic viability of production of kokum (Garcinia indica Choicy) in Maharashtra, India

Financial feasibility analysis of capital investment in kokum (Garcinia indica) in South Konkan(Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts in Maharashtra) revealed profitability of the enterprise.The initial investment for establishing orchards raised from seedlings and grafts were Rs.38,877 ha-1 and Rs. 69,196 ha-1, respectively. The total cost of production and gross returnswere Rs. 26,417 ha-1 and Rs. 42,820 ha-1 and Rs. 44,931 ha-1 and Rs. 45,572 ha-1, respectively fororchards raised from seedlings and grafts, with a benefit : cost ratio of 1.11 and 1.70,respectively. The net present value for both the types of orchards were positive with a payback period of 7-8 years. &nbsp

Machine learning-based prediction and optimisation system for laser shock peening

Laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface treatment technique can improve the fatigue life and corrosion resistance of metallic materials by introducing significant compressive residual stresses near the surface. However, LSP-induced residual stresses are known to be dependent on a multitude of factors, such as laser process variables (spot size, pulse width and energy), component geometry, material properties and the peening sequence. In this study, an intelligent system based on machine learning was developed that can predict the residual stress distribution induced by LSP. The system can also be applied to “reverse-optimise” the process parameters. The prediction system was developed using residual stress data derived from incremental hole drilling. We used artificial neural networks (ANNs) within a Bayesian framework to develop a robust prediction model validated using a comprehensive set of case studies. We also studied the relative importance of the LSP process parameters using Garson’s algorithm and parametric studies to understand the response of the residual stresses in laser peening systems as a function of different process variables. Furthermore, this study critically evaluates the developed machine learning models while demonstrating the potential benefits of implementing an intelligent system in prediction and optimisation strategies of the laser shock peening process

Who Is at Risk for New Hepatitis B Infections Among People With HIV?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). We retrospectively analyzed HBV incidence among 5785 PWH. Fourteen had newly positive hepatitis B s antigen (mean 5.2 person-years of follow-up, 46.4/100 000 infections/year). These data show gaps in HBV vaccination and in the preventative efficacy of HBV-specific antiretroviral therapy