Combined Effect of Ultrasound Treatment and a Mix of Krebs Cycle Acids on the Metabolic Processes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

This article describes the effect of organic acids and ultrasound on the physiological and biochemical properties of yeast, which was used to obtain biologically active peptides. The research featured brewer’s yeast S. cerevisiae W-34/70 cultivated in 11% beer wort. A mix of Krebs cycle acids served as an activator. It included succinic, malic, fumaric, citric, and oxaloacetic acids (1:1:1:1:1). The concentration of the Krebs cycle acids was 1 × 10−10 M/L at 1% to the suspension volume. The ultrasound treatment had an intensity of 10 W/m2 and lasted 3–10 min. The combined effect increased the fermentation activity of the yeast by 98%. The activity of individual biocatalysts of constructive and energy metabolism rose by 108–330%, while that of proteolysis enzymes increased by 15% in comparison with the samples exposed to individual factors. The stimulation increased the rate of amine nitrogen consumption by the yeast. The amount of accumulated amino acids was larger by 80% than in the control, and that of protein larger by 7%. The maximal content of the synthesized protein was reached 1–2 h earlier. The combination of chemical and physical factors intensified the biosynthesis of protein and its intermediates during yeast processing, thus facilitating the subsequent extraction of biologically valuable components

Combined Effect of Ultrasound Treatment and a Mix of Krebs Cycle Acids on the Metabolic Processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This article describes the effect of organic acids and ultrasound on the physiological and biochemical properties of yeast, which was used to obtain biologically active peptides. The research featured brewer&rsquo;s yeast S. cerevisiae W-34/70 cultivated in 11% beer wort. A mix of Krebs cycle acids served as an activator. It included succinic, malic, fumaric, citric, and oxaloacetic acids (1:1:1:1:1). The concentration of the Krebs cycle acids was 1 &times; 10&minus;10 M/L at 1% to the suspension volume. The ultrasound treatment had an intensity of 10 W/m2 and lasted 3&ndash;10 min. The combined effect increased the fermentation activity of the yeast by 98%. The activity of individual biocatalysts of constructive and energy metabolism rose by 108&ndash;330%, while that of proteolysis enzymes increased by 15% in comparison with the samples exposed to individual factors. The stimulation increased the rate of amine nitrogen consumption by the yeast. The amount of accumulated amino acids was larger by 80% than in the control, and that of protein larger by 7%. The maximal content of the synthesized protein was reached 1&ndash;2 h earlier. The combination of chemical and physical factors intensified the biosynthesis of protein and its intermediates during yeast processing, thus facilitating the subsequent extraction of biologically valuable components

Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Oils with Chokeberry Extract to Prevent Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Caused by a High-Fat Diet In Vivo

Dietary supplementation based on sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract was studied. We added the dietary supplement to the feed mixtures for laboratory animals. The possible toxicological effects and hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective activity of the dietary supplement in vivo were studied. After the observation period (6 weeks), no significant changes were found in the mass of organs and blood serum of laboratory animals (p &gt; 0.05). However, there was a decrease in hypercholesterolemic indicators. Regular consumption of sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract (dietary supplement &ldquo;ESB-1&rdquo;) by laboratory animals inhibited the activity of liver enzymes and increased the antioxidant activity of blood serum (after the subcutaneous injection of sunflower oil/oil solution of carbon tetrachloride) but was not sufficient to bring them to physiological standards. The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of our dietary supplement already allow us to consider it a component of functional food products or a dietary supplement base. However, the full range of its biologically active properties, including the hepatoprotective function and regulation of metabolic disorders, has not been studied yet, which sets the direction of further research in vivo models and clinical practice to confirm its effectiveness in humans

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals a BDNF-Centered Molecular Network Associated with Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

At least 50% of factors predisposing to alcohol dependence (AD) are genetic and women affected with this disorder present with more psychiatric comorbidities, probably indicating different genetic factors involved. We aimed to run a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by a bioinformatic functional annotation of associated genomic regions in patients with AD and eight related clinical measures. A genome-wide significant association of rs220677 with AD (p-value = 1.33 &times; 10&minus;8 calculated with the Yates-corrected &chi;2 test under the assumption of dominant inheritance) was discovered in female patients. Associations of AD and related clinical measures with seven other single nucleotide polymorphisms listed in previous GWASs of psychiatric and addiction traits were differently replicated in male and female patients. The bioinformatic analysis showed that regulatory elements in the eight associated linkage disequilibrium blocks define the expression of 80 protein-coding genes. Nearly 68% of these and of 120 previously published coding genes associated with alcohol phenotypes directly interact in a single network, where BDNF is the most significant hub gene. This study indicates that several genes behind the pathogenesis of AD are different in male and female patients, but implicated molecular mechanisms are functionally connected. The study also reveals a central role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of AD

SARS-CoV-2 escape from cytotoxic T cells during long-term COVID-19

Here, the authors report accelerated intrahost evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with 318 days long COVID-19, and show that changes in the viral genome resulted in escape from T cellular immune response