4,297 research outputs found
Choosing Products in Social Networks
We study the consequences of adopting products by agents who form a social
network. To this end we use the threshold model introduced in Apt and Markakis,
arXiv:1105.2434, in which the nodes influenced by their neighbours can adopt
one out of several alternatives, and associate with such each social network a
strategic game between the agents. The possibility of not choosing any product
results in two special types of (pure) Nash equilibria.
We show that such games may have no Nash equilibrium and that determining the
existence of a Nash equilibrium, also of a special type, is NP-complete. The
situation changes when the underlying graph of the social network is a DAG, a
simple cycle, or has no source nodes. For these three classes we determine the
complexity of establishing whether a (special type of) Nash equilibrium exists.
We also clarify for these categories of games the status and the complexity
of the finite improvement property (FIP). Further, we introduce a new property
of the uniform FIP which is satisfied when the underlying graph is a simple
cycle, but determining it is co-NP-hard in the general case and also when the
underlying graph has no source nodes. The latter complexity results also hold
for verifying the property of being a weakly acyclic game.Comment: 15 pages. Appeared in Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on
Internet and Network Economics (WINE 2012), Lecture Notes in Computer Science
7695, Springer, pp. 100-11
Paradoxes in Social Networks with Multiple Products
Recently, we introduced in arXiv:1105.2434 a model for product adoption in
social networks with multiple products, where the agents, influenced by their
neighbours, can adopt one out of several alternatives. We identify and analyze
here four types of paradoxes that can arise in these networks. To this end, we
use social network games that we recently introduced in arxiv:1202.2209. These
paradoxes shed light on possible inefficiencies arising when one modifies the
sets of products available to the agents forming a social network. One of the
paradoxes corresponds to the well-known Braess paradox in congestion games and
shows that by adding more choices to a node, the network may end up in a
situation that is worse for everybody. We exhibit a dual version of this, where
removing available choices from someone can eventually make everybody better
off. The other paradoxes that we identify show that by adding or removing a
product from the choice set of some node may lead to permanent instability.
Finally, we also identify conditions under which some of these paradoxes cannot
arise.Comment: 22 page
Solicitudes de asilo de personas LGBTI – la perspectiva de Europa Central y Oriental
Investigaciones recientes indican que los países de ECO aún están muy rezagados con respecto al resto de Europa en sus prácticas de asilo relacionadas con las solicitudes de asilo de LGBTI. Los bajos niveles de concientización, la falta de orientación y la hostilidad cultural están poniendo en peligro las perspectivas de un trato justo para los solicitantes de asilo
Picolinic Acid in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Preliminary Report
Macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases. Picolinic acid (PA) as a macrophage secondary signal causes the activation of interferon-gamma- (IFN-γ-) prime macrophage and triggers cytokine-driven inflammatory reactions. The rationale for seeking increased PA formation in chronic viral hepatitis is based on the involvement of activated macrophages in chronic viral hepatitis-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine serum PA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, taking into account the presence of diabetes. We assessed PA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker of inflammation in 51 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC), both with and without diabetes and 40 controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with CHC showed a significant increase in plasma concentrations of PA and hsCRP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.). The values of PA and hsCRP were more elevated in patients with diabetes than without diabetes (both P < 0.01). The positive relationships were between PA and hsCRP levels (P < 0.05) and the presence of diabetes (P < 0.001). We documented that significant elevation in serum PA levels is associated with diabetes prevalence and increased inflammatory response reflected in hsCRP levels in CHC patients
SoK: Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) with Automated Market Maker (AMM) protocols
As an integral part of the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem, Automated
Market Maker (AMM) based Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) have gained massive
traction with the revived interest in blockchain and distributed ledger
technology in general. Most prominently, the top six AMMs -- Uniswap, Balancer,
Curve, Dodo, Bancor and Sushiswap -- hold in aggregate 15 billion USD worth of
crypto-assets as of March 2021. Instead of matching the buy and sell sides,
AMMs employ a peer-to-pool method and determine asset price algorithmically
through a so-called conservation function. Compared to centralized exchanges,
AMMs exhibit the apparent advantage of decentralization, automation and
continuous liquidity. Nonetheless, AMMs typically feature drawbacks such as
high slippage for traders and divergence loss for liquidity providers. In this
work, we establish a general AMM framework describing the economics and
formalizing the system's state-space representation. We employ our framework to
systematically compare the mechanics of the top AMM protocols, deriving their
slippage and divergence loss functions
Aurophilic Interactions Studied by Quantum Crystallography.
This is the first use of a wave-function-based crystallographic method to characterize aurophilic interactions from X-ray diffraction data. Theoretical calculations previously suggested the importance of electron correlation and dispersion forces, but no influence of relativistic corrections to the Au...Au interaction energy was found. In this study, we confirm the importance of relativistic corrections in the characterization of aurophilic interactions in addition to electron correlation and dispersion
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