Measurement of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

This paper presents an analysis of the inclusive properties of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events produced in $ep$ interactions at HERA. The events are characterised by a rapidity gap between the outgoing proton system and the remaining hadronic system. Inclusive distributions are presented and compared with Monte Carlo models for diffractive processes. The data are consistent with models where the pomeron structure function has a hard and a soft contribution. The diffractive structure function is measured as a function of \xpom, the momentum fraction lost by the proton, of $\beta$, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to \xpom, and of $Q^2$. The \xpom dependence is consistent with the form \xpoma where $a~=~1.30~\pm~0.08~(stat)~^{+~0.08}_{-~0.14}~(sys)$ in all bins of $\beta$ and $Q^2$. In the measured $Q^2$ range, the diffractive structure function approximately scales with $Q^2$ at fixed $\beta$. In an Ingelman-Schlein type model, where commonly used pomeron flux factor normalisations are assumed, it is found that the quarks within the pomeron do not saturate the momentum sum rule.Comment: 36 pages, latex, 11 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA

Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the $\gamma p$ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of Events with an Energetic Forward Neutron in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

In deep inelastic neutral current scattering of positrons and protons at the center of mass energy of 300 GeV, we observe, with the ZEUS detector, events with a high energy neutron produced at very small scattering angles with respect to the proton direction. The events constitute a fixed fraction of the deep inelastic, neutral current event sample independent of Bjorken x and Q2 in the range 3 · 10-4 \u3c xBJ \u3c 6 · 10-3 and 10 \u3c Q2 \u3c 100 GeV2

Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report

Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech

Measurement of Charged and Neutral Current e-p Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections at High Q2

Deep inelastic e-p scattering has been studied in both the charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) reactions at momentum transfers squared Q(2) above 400 GeV2 using the ZEUS detector at the HERA ep collider. The CC and NC total cross sections, the NC to CC cross section ratio, and the differential cross sections d sigma/dQ(2) are presented. From the Q(2) dependence of the CC cross section, the mass term in the CC propagator is determined to be M(W) = 76 +/- 16 +/- 13 GeV

The Książęca adit in Złoty Stok

W artykule omówiono historię i aktualny stan zachowania sztolni odwadniającej Książęcej (Fürstenstollen) w Polu Góry Krzyżowej koło Złotego Stoku. Autorzy przedstawiają szczegółowo historię drążenia i wykorzystania sztolni na podstawie dostępnej literatury, archiwalnych materiałów kartograficznych i zachowanych dokumentów dotyczących funkcjonowania kopalni. Omówiono historyczne zmiany funkcji sztolni oraz aktualny stan zachowania wyrobisk na podstawie współczesnej inwentaryzacji obiektu. Sztolnia powstała prawdopodobnie przed 1501 r. Odwadniała stanowiska górnicze w rejonie szybu Himmelfahrt Himmelfahrt (po 1945 r. nazwanym Wniebowzięcie). W późniejszym okresie eksploatowano w niej także niewielkie złoża rudy. W 1802 r. miała ona około 0,5 km długości. Po wydrążeniu głębiej położonych poziomów kopalni Reicher Trost Reicher Trost utraciła znaczenie odwadniające. Pełniła odtąd głównie rolę wentylacyjną i pomocniczo komunikacyjną. W 1902 r. została udostępniona do zwiedzania, uzyskując funkcje turystyczne. Współcześnie dostępna jest na odcinku 207 m. Pełni funkcje turystyczne i związane z ochroną przyrody.The authors present the history and contemporary state of the dewatering adit called Książęca, located in one of the mountains near Złoty Stok, a mining object which history started probably before 1501. Once the most important facts from the history of the town are presented, the article discusses the meaning of the dewatering adits. Then, the reconstruction of the adit’s history and its usage is made on the basis of the mining literature, archival cartographic materials and other documents. The history of the adit begun probably in the end of the XV century and at the beginning it only had a dewatering function. Some documents mention the adit in XVI century. For the first time the name of the Fürsten Stollen adit (Książęca) is used by Heintze in 1817, with reference to XVI century mining fields. The adit is then mentioned in 1674 by Hoffman giving us the precise location of the excavation. More evidence comes from the XVIII century. We also learn that in 1769 the adit collapsed. More detailed information can be found on mining maps which were drawn in 1776 (Fischer), 1802 (Frommelt) or 1817 (Heintze). At the beginning of the XX century the adit changed its function and was used for tourism while its previous function was abandoned. The adit was also used after the 2nd World War, most probably until the early 1960s. The current condition of the adit is very good, although it cannot be used safely by tourists as it is too narrow. It was verified by the authors during the exploration of the adit in 2013 and 2014. The adit is inhabited by different species of bats and is part of NATURA 2000 European area. It is also officially enlisted as a mining relict

Health technologies and smart & integrated care – key action 2 stage of the Regions4PerMed (H2020) project

Consumer and system-wide gains remain limited by an outmoded policy regime. With scientific innovation running far ahead of public policy, physicians, researchers and patients are not receiving full advantage of the latest developments. European health systems require a seamless and rapid flow of digital information, including genomic, clinical outcome, and claims data. Research derived from clinical care must feed back into assessment, in order to advance care quality for consumers. National health systems are heterogeneous; the solutions and required fundamental approaches differ between the European member states and are not entirely portable and scalable. To date, this applies not only to general systemic aspects but particularly to cross-border reimbursement issues and the exchange of treatment and patient data. To answer those needs, an international consortium was established to implement the project “Interregional coordination for a fast and deep uptake of personalised health”: Regions4PerMed. A cycle of international events, such as conferences, in situ visits and workshops, has been planned. Interdisciplinary groups of experts will exchange thoughts and experiences to design solutions that could be implemented in the various healthcare systems. Regions4PerMed aims to coordinate regional policies and innovation programmes in personalised medicine and personalised health to accelerate the deployment of personalised health for patients. Key Action 2 is dedicated to health technologies and smart and integrated care

The National Medical Emergency System in Poland (PRM)

W artykule omówiono funkcjonowanie Państwowego Ratownictwa Medycznego w Polsce (PRM) poprzez przedstawienie zarysu historycznego powstawania oraz funkcjonowanie tego systemu. Artykuł zakończono sformułowaniem, że Zintegrowany System Ratownictwa Medycznego w Polsce możemy zaliczyć do dobrze funkcjonujących. Aby utrzymywać ten stan, należy ciągle modyfikować, unowocześniać i podążać za nowoczesnymi technologiami i rozwojem nauki. Tylko sprawnie działający system zaowocuje zmniejszeniem śmiertelności wśród potrzebujących pomocy.The authors discuss the National Medical Emergency System in Poland (Państwowe Ratownictwo Medyczne – PRM) describing the historical outline and current functioning of the system. In the authors’ opinion, the Integrated State Medical Emergency System in Poland can be classified as well- functioning. To maintain this status, there should be constant modification, up- dating and following the latest achievements of technology and science. Only the efficiently operating system will result in the decrease of death rates of those in need