Prohibiting Procreation: A Step in the Right Direction to Protect the Children of Deadbeat Dads; an Analysis of the Court Decision in State v. Oakley

This note will entail an in-depth analysis of the Wisconsin Supreme Court\u27s majority opinion and the dissent. This note will also provide support for the majority opinion by evaluating how the court\u27s decision will help protect the children of individuals like Oakley, who intentionally refuse to support them. While some may claim that the probation condition to prohibit Oakley from procreating was a drastic measure, it was the appropriate measure for the court to take. This sentence will serve as a deterrent to Oakley and other fathers who intentionally refuse to support their children. The probation condition will prevent any future children from being subjected to Oakley\u27s neglect. It will also help the nine children that he already has because Oakley will be able to work full-time and he will have the means to provide child support to the four mothers of these children. Based upon the fact that Oakley is not incarcerated, he has the opportunity to establish a relationship with his children, which is sorely needed. One of his daughters is so disgusted with him that she wishes to change her last name. Another child stated that she has never received any Christmas or birthday presents from her father. Children are our society\u27s most important assets and they must be protected. The effect of failing to pay child support and neglecting one\u27s children leads to dramatic results. This note will illustrate how this behavior contributes to childhood depression. This depression carries over into adulthood and repeats itself when depressed adults have children. Our courts and legislature must find a way to stop this cycle. The majority opinion in Oakley took a step in the right direction. Part II of this note documents the policy considerations and reasoning behind the Manitowoc County\u27s Circuit Court opinion, the Second District Court of Appeals of Wisconsin decision and the Wisconsin Supreme Court\u27s majority opinion. Part III will analyze the reasoning of the two female justices who provided written dissents. Part IV will provide the most recent update on Oakley\u27s case in the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Part V will discuss how a child\u27s mental health is detrimentally affected when his or her parent intentionally refuses to support them. Part VI will propose ideas that could help the plight of children in these situations. Part VII will conclude with the proposition that the Oakley decision was necessary to protect his children from any further harm

Profit Efficiency in EU FADN Farms under Different Types of Agriculture

The aim of the paper was to assess the profit efficiency in representative farms in FADN regions operating in various types of agriculture. For this purpose, clusters of FADN regions with relatively similar dominant types of agriculture were selected on the basis of their partial productivity indicators. Then, efficiency indicators were calculated for each region, using various types of DEA models. The data were adapted from FADN and covered the 2004 and 2015 period. On the basis of analysis conducted in the article, it was found that the farms located in Mediterranean regions were the most efficient. At the same time, in the cluster covering the regions with the most modern agriculture, the efficiency was at a very low level. Farms in most regions operated under the conditions of decreasing economies of scale, although the efficiency of scale itself improved. Moreover, in contrast to 2004, an increase in efficiency in relation to the best practice frontier was observed in 2015

Possibilities of using radiotherapy in the treatment of vaginal recurrence in patients with uterine cancers

A major problem in cancer treatment is disease recurrence, i.e. a situation in which the standard procedures turned out to be ineffective and the previously used therapy significantly limits its next use. Vaginal recurrence is found in 2.4–15% of patients with uterine cancer. For large recurrent tumors radical treatment involves surgical pelvic exenteration. However, indications for this procedure are significantly limited; in addition, it is associated with a high risk of complications and a significantly compromised quality of life. For this reason, brachytherapy and/or another course of radiotherapy are administered, which until recently were used as a further-line treatment option or as palliative care. Over the last few years extension of indications for radiotherapy and brachytherapy has been noted due to the dynamic development of new techniques for planning and conducting treatment. These allow for the irradiation of the target volume which causes radiation-related reactions that are acceptable for the patient while protecting critical organs. The introduction of new therapeutic devices allowed for the use of different treatment techniques, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiotherapy, RapidArc, tomotherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy, which contributed to a significant increase in the role of repeat radiotherapy. One needs to remember about the possibilities of systemic treatment, although it is usually palliative in nature. Brachytherapy may be considered for the treatment of recurrent disease if the lesions are located in the region of the vagina or vaginal stump or if infiltration is found in the parametria; in other situations treatment combined with external beam radiotherapy should always be considered. The choice of brachytherapy method depends on the location of the lesion and the extent of infiltration. If the infiltration is up to 5 mm deep, intracavitary brachytherapy is performed. If the infiltration is deeper, the use of interstitial brachytherapy is indicated

Agricultural income and prices. The interdependence of selected phenomena in Poland compared to EU-15 member states

The aim of this paper was to analyze the changes in various agricultural income measures in Poland since 2004 as compared to the situation of the EU-15 member states. Another objectivewas to examine the mentioned changes against prices. The main source of income data was the FADN database. Incomes of agricultural holdings in Poland are significantly lower than of those in most of the analyzed member states; however, this is the result of their smaller average area – their efficiency per hectare is relatively high. Polish agricultural holdings are also characterized by their comparatively small dependence on payments (although this is growing). Agricultural incomes are highly unstable, which refers to changes in price relations. This instability is particularly evident in countries with smaller farms and, thus, lower income per farm

The analysis of the level of Treg lymphocytes in the blood of patients with endometrial cancer before and after the surgery — preliminary study

Introduction. The progression of cancer is a complex process involving host-tumour interactions taking place in cancer and in the cancer microenvironment. The tumour remodels the microenvironment into the suppressive profile by various mechanisms. One of the most important elements of this mechanism is the inducing of the infiltration of Treg lymphocytes into cancer and its microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of the Treg cell population in the peripheral blood of patients before and after the surgical treatment for endometrial cancer. Material and methods. For the present study 24 patients with endometrial cancer were recruited. All the patients were treated surgically. The peripheral blood samples were collected from the endometrial cancer patients before operation and three days after the surgical procedure and evaluated using flow cytometry method. Results. CD25+ CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells were found in all the examined peripheral blood samples derived from the endometrial cancer patients in the days before and following applied surgery. We observed differences before and after the applied surgical procedure in patients treated for uterine cancer. The highest number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood was demonstrated before the surgical procedure; it diminished statistically significantly following the surgery. Conclusions. The decrease of the percentage of Treg cells in blood sera in patients following radical surgical treatment might be useful in measuring the radicalism of the treatment. The monitoring of the level of selective immune system suppression related to Treg cell blood serum levels during cancer therapy might support a decision to supplement the standard therapy with immunotherapy or to increase the degree of radicalism of the applied therapy.

Predicting Intention to Participate in Socially Responsible Collective Action in Social Networking Website Groups

he present study uses the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model to predict group members’ intentions (“we-intention”) to participate in using a social networking site (SNS) for collective action. Participants reported their beliefs about social influence processes, including their beliefs about subjective norms, group norms, and social identity; they also reported their beliefs about using an SNS for a charitable collective action, which was perceived as corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study applied an integrated research framework in the context of the Facebook group “KolorujeMY,” a group with an interest in supporting social causes in Poland. Our structural equation modeling results indicate that social identity has a positive and direct effect on we-intention to use SNS for collective action and that perceived CSR also had a positive and significant impact on we-intention. Similarly, we found that desire has a positive and significant effect on we-intention to use SNS for collective action. Our results also indicate that desire partially mediates the relationship between social influence beliefs and we-intention. Overall, this study provides insight into the understanding of the impact of social influence processes, the role of desire, and perceived CSR beliefs in terms of predicting we-intentions in a social networking environment

Drivers for farmland value revisited: adapting the returns discount model (RDM) to the sustainable paradigm

In recent studies many researchers have identified non-agricultural attributes of land that significantly contribute to its value. They claim that the increasing proportion of the value of land may now be explained by environmental amenities in rural areas. On the other hand, mainstream economics says that farmland values are determined by the discounted stream of returns (present value model). The main aim of this work was to adapt neoclassical concept of the Returns Discount Model (RDM) of Saphiro–Gordon type to the case of a land market in Poland. We introduced a modified RDM (i.e. the multilevel variance component model) to answer whether it remains applicable to the valuation of farmland in the context of sustainable agriculture. It was found that in spite of the growing role of non-productive functions of agriculture the improved RDM continues to perform well as a tool to assess changes in land price