Distribution of the maximum of the Chentsov random field

Let D = [0, 1]^2 and X(s, t), (s, t) belongs D, be a two-parameter Chentsov random field. The aim of this paper is to find the probability distribution of the maximum of X(s, t) on a class of polygonal lines

Morphogenic microspore as an initial cell of androgenesis in vitro: review of the problem

The phenomenon of androgenesis in vitro is widely used in biotechnological investigations of commercially valuable plants. When solving the specific tasks it is important to enter into the culture in vitro anthers containing sporogenous cells which are morphogenetic competent to change the development program from gametophytic to sporophytic on

Phytohormonal regulation of in vitro formation of wheat androgenic structures

This research is devoted to developing a method of phytohormonal regulation of in vitro formation of a certain type of wheat androgenic structures. Using the method of ELISA it was shown that the induction of certain sporophytic morphogenesis pathway in vitro of anther haploid cells - microspores depends on both the content of endogenous auxin IAA in anthers before inoculating them onto induction medium, and the concentration of exogenous auxin 2,4-D in this medium. The obtained data confirms the principle possibility of regulation of ways of getting androgenic regenerants in vitro by selecting the optimal balance of endogenous and exogenous auxin

INDICATIONS FOR RECONSTRUCTIVE LASER SURGERY IN EYE PATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN: RESULTS OF LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS

Purpose. To provide updated and expanded indications for YAG laser surgery in ocular diseases of children, developed on the basis of 25 years of experience, for the introduction into the broad practice of pediatric ophthalmology in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The indications were developed on the basis of the analysis of results in 4422 laser reconstructive surgeries (62% in conditions of general anesthesia) for children from 2 months to 17 years (1/3 children – up to 3 years) with congenital, post-traumatic, postinflammatory eye pathology performed by the authors in the Pediatric Department of the Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases from 1991 to 2016. There were used combined laser installations including the IAG laser destructor (1064 nm) and Argon or Diode laser coagulator (532 nm) and the laser tehniques adapted for children and their own patented methods.Results. The safety of laser interventions in children with strict observance of the fulfilled energy parameters of laser operations has been proved. The efficiency of the 4422 YAG laser surgeries performed to children (after 2-16 years was 87.7 to 97.3%), the long-term experience and improvement of laser techniques allowed to expand the spectrum of laser interventions in children and to work out a list of indications for the YAG-laser reconstructive surgery in children with the ophthalmic pathology.Conclusion. The YAG laser reconstructions are recommended for pupillary membranes (including congenital, secondary, membranous and regenerative), precipitates on the IOL, linear vitreo-, iridocorneal synechias, pupil block, deformation, dislocation or obturation of pupil, cysts of the iris and anterior chamber, flocculi of the pupillary margin, internal fistulae obturation after trabeculectomy, thin vitreous strands, and also for anterior capsulotomy (as a stage of the subsequent extraction of cataracts, especially with subluxation of the lens). The main kinds of reconstructive laser operations recommended for introduction into the practice of pediatric ophthalmology of the Russian Federation are presented as for illustration exemplary

Application Of IRT And MIRT Models To Analysis Of Analytical Geometry Tests

The article conducts research on the construction of analytical methods of computer tests in higher mathematics. These computer tests contain test items of various types, including problems with "embedded answers" which include several related subitems. Also, on the basis this method quality analysis of the control work was conducted. The technic is based on the methods of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT), which have proven their effectiveness in statistical analysis of tests. The focus of the work is on the use of Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models, which allows to analyze simultaneously the whole vector of students' competencies and to scrutinize them more carefully. The study also uses one-dimensional IRT models, the results of which are compared with the use of MIRT. Among the one-dimensional models, the well-known Muraki and Birnbaum models were selected, and among the multidimensional models, the choices were the two-dimensional 2-PL and GPCM. The multidimensional models involved in the study are compensatory. The application of non-compensatory models was not considered. The comparison of compliance with the data of different models was carried out on the basis of special information criteria. One-dimensional models were discovered to be somewhat more effective. The R programming environment was chosen as the main toolkit, which provides a powerful set of software for the test statistical analysis. The mirt package is selected as the main software package. Tests results from a modular test in analytical geometry have been chosen as data for research. The test was written by 105 students from IT stream, specialty 121, at FIOT NTUU "Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute". The test was placed on the MOODLE platform and was conducted remotely. The analysis of test results on the basis of selected models demonstrated the consistency between the results of both one-dimensional and multidimensional models. However, multidimensional models also allow to expound the analysis of various additional competences, in this case - knowledge of vector algebra and knowledge of lines, planes, and surfaces in space. The analysis showed that the test was, in general, composed correctly; also the analysis allowed to systematize the items by complexity; and for questions such as "embedded answers " to detail the complexity of the subitems. Evaluating the overall results of the application of one-dimensional and multidimensional models of IRT, it should be noted their effectiveness in the analysis of both tests in higher mathematics and in the control of knowledge in other disciplines

Методологические подходы управления качеством высшего образования в ретроспективе социально-экономических преобразований в России

The article deals with methodological approaches to quality control of higher education in different historical periods of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, due to the state of scientific and pedagogical thought, the state of the economy and the direction of state policy. The concept of «quality of higher education» from a social and economic point of view, as a social good and educational service is considered. It is shown that during the first five years of Soviet power, the quality control was carried out on a personal-oriented pedological basis, then it was considered anti-scientific and replaced with taking into account formal indicators: academic performance, attendance, participation in socialist competition and others. In post-war years the quality control was focused on achievement of socially significant results for the state. Scientists developed a national system of quality education, qualimetric indicators and evaluation criteria. In the post-perestroika period in a market economy, under the conditions of the standardization of education and signing of the Bologna agreement, the quality management systems that meet international standards were developed and implemented in Russian universities. Russia aspired to the competitiveness of higher education and entry into the international educational space. The article shows the ambiguous attitude to the Bologna agreement of the scientific community. The initial directions of the development of quality management systems in Russian universities (SWOT analysis, TQM concept and ISO 9000:2000 standards) are outlined, the main features of the new international quality standard ISO 21 001:2018 are highlighted. It is determined, in accordance with domestic and foreign developments, that modern quality management systems should be mobile, constantly improving, taking into account national and international requirements, as well as based on the evaluation of quality processes in organizations. The historical stages of the state education quality regulation through licensing and the accreditation procedure are considered. The problems, as well as the main trends and prospects for improving the quality of higher education are highlighted. The quality of higher education is determined as a guarantee of training competitive, mobile and high-demand professionals.В статье рассмотрены методологические подходы контроля качества высшего образования в разные исторические периоды Советского Союза и Российской Федерации, обусловленные состоянием научно-педагогической мысли, состоянием экономики и направлением государственной политики. Рассмотрено понятие «качество высшего образования» с общественной и экономической точки зрения как социальное благо и образовательная услуга. Показано, что в годы первых пятилеток советской власти контроль качества осуществлялся на личностно-ориентированной педологической основе, затем был признан антинаучным и заменён учётом формализованных показателей: успеваемость, посещаемость, участие в социалистическом соревновании и другие. В послевоенные годы контроль качества был ориентирован на достижение социально значимых для государства результатов. Учёными разрабатывалась национальная система качества образования, квалиметрические показатели и критерии оценки. В постперестроечный период в условиях рыночной экономики, стандартизации образования и подписания Болонского соглашения в российских вузах разрабатывались и внедрялись системы управления качеством, соответствующие международным стандартам. Россия стремилась к конкурентоспособности высшего образования и вхождению в международное образовательное пространство. В статье показано неоднозначное отношение к Болонскому соглашению научной общественности. Обозначены исходные направления развития систем менеджмента качества в вузах России (SWOT анализ, концепция TQM и стандарты ISO 9000:2000). Выделены основные особенности нового международного стандарта качества ISO 21 001:2018. Определено в соответствии с отечественными и зарубежными разработками, что современные системы менеджмента качества должны быть мобильными, постоянно совершенствоваться, учитывать национальные и международные требования, а также основываться на эвалюации процессов качества в организациях. Рассмотрены исторические этапы государственного регулирования качества образования через процедуру лицензирования и аккредитации. Выделены проблемы, а также основные тенденции и перспективы повышения качества высшего образования. Определено качество высшего профессионального образования как гарантия подготовки конкурентоспособных, мобильных и востребованных специалистов

ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УСПЕШНОСТИ КАК МОТИВИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ЛИЧНОСТНЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ ЛИЧНОСТИ

The article explores the peculiarities of the concepts «success» and «success rate». The author finds out that success and success rate are related notions by means of target-oriented activity on supporting success. The author highlights the main methodological approaches and technologies of success rate formation: neurolinguistics programming, axiological approach and benchmarking. The paper outlines the general conditions of success rate formation and suggests the methodology of practical implementation of personal success rate in higher education.В статье рассмотрены сущностные особенности понятий «успех» и «успешность». Определено, что успех и успешность связаны с целенаправленной деятельностью по закреплению успеха. Выделены основные методологические подходы и технологии формирования успешности: нейролингвистическое программирование, аксиологический подход и бенчмаркинг. Определены общие условия формирования успешности. Предложена методология практической реализации формирования успешности личности в процессе образовательной деятельности в вузе

Simulation Of Distribution Of The Maximum Of The Chentsov Field On ‘Steps’

The paper extends the results obtained by Paranjape, Park, Klesov and Kruglova. A method of finding the distribution of the maximum of a Chentsov field restriction on a polyline is suggested. To do this, it was proposed to simulate a random process that corresponds to the restriction. The suggested algorithm has high computational efficiency which is crucial due to a large number of points of division of the process trajectory. The selection of the distributions of extreme functionals from the field was performed by means of the statistical programming language R. The Weibull distribution was chosen as the most suitable distribution, which was confirmed by the Kolmogorov criterion, as well as by Q-Q and P-P diagrams

Efficacy of adding systemic glucocorticosteroids to standard therapy in adolescents with severe acne: a randomized controlled trial

Introduction. Isotretinoin is the first-choice drug in the treatment of severe forms of acne vulgaris. The combination of systemic retinoids with durant corticosteroids helps to reduce the likelihood of developing “retinoic” dermatitis and exacerbation of acne in the initial stages of isotretinoin therapy.Purpose of the study. Determination of the effectiveness of the combined use of isotretinoin and a durant corticosteroid in the treatment of severe forms of acne vulgaris.Materials and methods. Twenty six patients with “severe” or “very severe” grade on the IGA scale were included in this randomised, controlled comparative study. Thirteen patients (group A) were treated with isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg/day (cumulative dose from 120 to 150 mg/kg) for 8 months and 2 injections of betamethasone dipropionate + betamethasone sodium phosphate at dose 1 ml (2 mg + 5 mg/1 ml) at first month (1 injection per two weeks) and thirteen patients (group B) were treated with combined therapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day (cumulative dose from 120 to 150 mg/kg) for 8 months and assessment was based on the IGA scale, counting the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory elements, indicators DIA (dermatological index of acne) and DLQI and was done at baseline, 1, 4 and 8 months of treatment.Results. At month 8, compared to group B, group A showed more significant decrease in IGA score and 76% patients achieved “clear” or “almost clear skin” degree (76% vs. 30%). The reduction in the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory elements showed a marked clinical improvement in group A (89.2% vs 22.3 % for nodules). The decrease in DIA was 88.3% in group A and 71.3% in group B. Exacerbations of acne were recorded in 0% (group A) vs 38.0% (group B) of patients. We also found a relationship between the achievement of a 2-point reduction in the degree on the IGA scale after 8 months and the presence of exacerbations while taking isotretinoin (p = 0.012). Analyzing the DLQI between the two, we were unable to identify statistically significant differences.Conclusions. Combines use of long acting steroid with isotretinoin provides synergic effect while minimizing the side effect of isotretinoin (decreases the number of exacerbations), demonstrates a visible effect to patients within a month, thereby increasing compliance, improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of scarring

Efficacy of Physical Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Non-Randomized Trial

Background. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is the most common knee joint injury, especially in young people with a healthy and active lifestyle. The concept of quality of life has been dynamically developing. The scope of its application is expanding in various fields of medicine to provide a comprehensive assessment of treatment and rehabilitation efficacy.Objective — to assess the feasibility of complex individual physical rehabilitation of patients after early and delayed arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Methods. Open simple non-randomized trial enrolled 834 patients with the anterior cruciate ligament rupture of the knee joint. In the first group (431 patients), ACL plastic surgery was performed in the early stages — between weeks 2 and 6. In the second group (403 patients), ACL reconstruction was performed in the later stages — from week 7 to 1 year, inclusive. Each group was divided into two subgroups — the main one, in which restorative treatment and comprehensive individual rehabilitation were carried out, and the control group, with rehabilitation treatment in accordance with the standards of postoperative treatment. The study was conducted in Traumatology, Orthopedics and Medical Rehabilitation Unit of Clinical Hospital No. 1. Patients were included in the trial from 2016 to 2021. The follow-up period for each patient was one year. Statistical data processing was performed by means of Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Independent samples were compared using non-parametric criteria: Mann — Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon T-test.Results. No statistical differences were found in the distribution according to gender, age and body mass index. A comparative analysis of scale medians of Medical Outcomes Study 36Item Short-Form Health Survey (MOSSF-36), conducted in patients before surgery, revealed no statistically significant differences ( p>0.05) between the main and control subgroups in both groups. Analyzing medians before ACL reconstruction showed a significant decrease in comparison with population studies ( p < 0.0001, Mann — Whitney U-test). The analysis of physical and mental component summaries via MOSSF-36 revealed statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of treatment of patients in 1 year after ACL plastic surgery and complex individual rehabilitation. Thus, in the main subgroups, the values of treatment efficacy medians were significantly higher than in the control ones, regardless of the timing of ACL plastic surgery ( p < 0.001, Mann — Whitney U-test). The results testify to higher median efficacy values in patients of the main subgroup of group 1 than in other subgroups ( p < 0.001, Mann — Whitney U-test). The study of correlative relationships demonstrated a stronger relationship between the medians of physical and mental component summaries in the main subgroup of the first group (correlation coefficient = 0.76), if compared to the main subgroup of the second group (coefficient = 0.67).Conclusion. The study testified to the treatment efficacy proved using the scales of physical and mental component summaries. They demonstrated more significant treatment efficacy one year after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and individual rehabilitation in the main subgroup of group 1 than in the other subgroups