Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in pregnancy: report of a case

No Abstrac

Shocks and coffee : lessons from Nicaragua

Using household level panel data from Nicaragua, this paper explores the impact of the recent coffee crisis on rural households engaged in coffee production, and coffee labor work. Taking advantage of the panel structure of the data, a number of findings emerge: a) while overall growth between 1998, and 2001 was widespread in rural Nicaragua, coffee households saw large declines in various socioeconomic outcomes; b) among coffee households, it is small farm households that were affected the most, and not poor labor households as previously expected; c) even though coffee households used various risk management strategies to address the shock, it was pre shock, ex-ante strategies (like income diversification) that were the most effective in allowing coffee households insulate against the shock. By contrast, the coffee households that used ex-post coping instruments, did not manage to mitigate the adverse impact as well, with additional potential long run implications via extensive uses of harmful coping strategies (like increases in child labor); and, d) the coffee shock affected upward mobility, and downward poverty vulnerability of coffee households. Such findings seem to confirm the widespread impact of shocks on overall household behavior, and indicate the importance of incorporating risk management in the policy agenda of poverty reduction.Housing&Human Habitats,Regional Rural Development,Crops&Crop Management Systems,VN-Acb Mis -- IFC-00535908,Environmental Economics&Policies

'A high degree of understanding and tolerance': veranderende denke oor die moderne gereformeerde kerklied

'A high degree of understanding and tolerance': changing thoughts on the modern reformed church song Currently, churches worldwide are experiencing an unparalleled increase in new hymns. Consequently, the requirements of the modern congregational song are much more challenging and demanding. Although the principles of music theory remain a primary criterion for the evaluation of the congregational song, aspects concerning the spiritual requirements, musical taste and culture of the modern church member are becoming increasingly relevant when thinking about the congregational song. In this article the author gives a general overview as to the nature of the modern church song against the background of liturgical renewal within the reformed tradition. The profile of the postmodern church member as regards spiritual needs, musical taste and culture is outlined and connected with the current sensitivity of spirituality and emotional experience through worship and song. Lastly a connection is made between the current trends of hymnological thought and the reformed principles. It is argued that greater tolerance and understanding can lead towards a reforming, rather than a reformed attitude towards the modern congregational song. The discussion is illustrated with examples from the “Liedboek van die kerk” (2001)

The Xhosa diviner: Ways of understanding

It is my aim in this paper to show that although a natural scientific oriented mode of trying to explain what is being done by the Xhosa diviner, has some usefulness, it also has severe limits and should not be the approach of choice for understanding the phenomena which revolve around his work

Die wêreld en ons

Hoewel die tweespalt tussen die Weste en Ooste nog onveranderd voortduur, het die onmiddellike spanning effens afgeneem of miskien het ons ook so gewoond geraak daaraan dat die abnormale vir ons normaal geword het

Paul Kruger en Cecil Rhodes.

As Paul Kruger ’n galery moes gehad het, behang met die portrette van belangrike manne wie se weë syne gekruis het, sou daar aangetref word ’n bonte versameling bestaande uit gekroonde hoofde van Europesestate, goewerneurs, staatsmanne, hoë amptenare en groot leiersop elke terrein vanaf Bismarck tot Ferdinand de Lesseps

Die grondslae van die unie.

Die huidige Unie fees bied die geleentheid, in besonder vir die Afrikaner,om hom opnuut rekenskap te gee van die basis van sy trou teenoor die Unie. Dit was lank die gebruik om die vraag van trou en lojaliteit as nie van toepassing op die Afrikaans-sprekende deel van die bevolking te beskou nie. Dit souslegs geldig wees vir ons landgenote van Engelse herkoms

Sosiale geskiedskrywing

Die studieveld van die Geskiedeniswetenskap is so ontsaglik uitgestrek en die probleme wat opduik van so verskillende aard dat dit geen wonder is dat die doelwit van die navorsing van tyd tot tyd verskuif nie. Met die groot ontwikkeling van die Wetenskap gedurende die eerste helfte van die 19e eeu is die aksent hoofsaaklik op die politieke aspekvan die menslike ontwikkeling geplaas

Die kolonisasie van Afrika

Anders as Amerika en Asië, wat geografies verder verwyder was van die middelpunt van die Wes-Europese beskawing, het die Afrikaanse kontinent eers laat in die moderne tyd die voorwerp van belangstelling van Europa geword