Epidemiologic and clinical updates on impulse control disorders: a critical review

The article reviews the current knowledge about the impulse control disorders (ICDs) with specific emphasis on epidemiological and pharmacological advances. In addition to the traditional ICDs present in the DSM-IV—pathological gambling, trichotillomania, kleptomania, pyromania and intermittent explosive disorder—a brief description of the new proposed ICDs—compulsive–impulsive (C–I) Internet usage disorder, C–I sexual behaviors, C–I skin picking and C–I shopping—is provided. Specifically, the article summarizes the phenomenology, epidemiology and comorbidity of the ICDs. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between ICDs and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Finally, current pharmacological options for treating ICDs are presented and discussed

Identification of active transcriptional regulatory elements from GRO-seq data

Modifications to the global run-on and sequencing (GRO-seq) protocol that enrich for 5'-capped RNAs can be used to reveal active transcriptional regulatory elements (TREs) with high accuracy. Here, we introduce discriminative regulatory-element detection from GRO-seq (dREG), a sensitive machine learning method that uses support vector regression to identify active TREs from GRO-seq data without requiring cap-based enrichment (https://github.com/Danko-Lab/dREG/). This approach allows TREs to be assayed together with gene expression levels and other transcriptional features in a single experiment. Predicted TREs are more enriched for several marks of transcriptional activation-including expression quantitative trait loci, disease-associated polymorphisms, acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) and transcription factor binding-than those identified by alternative functional assays. Using dREG, we surveyed TREs in eight human cell types and provide new insights into global patterns of TRE function

Phylogenomics Reveals Extensive Reticulate Evolution In Xiphophorus Fishes

Hybridization is increasingly being recognized as a widespread process, even between ecologically and behaviorally divergent animal species. Determining phylogenetic relationships in the presence of hybridization remains a major challenge for evolutionary biologists, but advances in sequencing technology and phylogenetic techniques are beginning to address these challenges. Here we reconstruct evolutionary relationships among swordtails and platyfishes (Xiphophorus: Poeciliidae), a group of species characterized by remarkable morphological diversity and behavioral barriers to interspecific mating. Past attempts to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Xiphophorus have produced conflicting results. Because many of the 26 species in the genus are interfertile, these conflicts are likely due to hybridization. Using genomic data, we resolve a high-confidence species tree of Xiphophorus that accounts for both incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Our results allow us to reexamine a long-standing controversy about the evolution of the sexually selected sword in Xiphophorus, and demonstrate that hybridization has been strikingly widespread in the evolutionary history of this genus. © 2013 The Society for the Study of Evolution

Electrocrystallization of copper in chloride aqueous solutions

An apparatus was built in our laboratory in order to electrolyze a Gokhale solution (CuC10.7N,NaC14N, HC10.5N)for extended periods of time under current densities ranging from 50 to 600 A/m 2 at temperatures between 20 and 50°C The influence of the diaphragm, temperature, current density and duration of the electrolysis in pure solutions was investigated, and the results were interpreted in terms of current efficiency, overall voltage drop and specific energy consumption. The structure of the deposits was investigated by profilometry, optical micrography, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the deposits is not significantly different from that obtained in pure sulfuric acid solutions, but it shows an increased tendency to growth of rather large elongated crystals protruding in the electrolyte. Both types are characteristic of deposits obtained at rather low inhibition, according to Fischer's classification. © 1977 The Metallurgical of Society of AIME.SCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe