Laserwire at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 with Sub-Micrometre Resolution

A laserwire transverse electron beam size measurement system has been developed and operated at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK. Special electron beam optics were developed to create an approximately 1 x 100 {\mu}m (vertical x horizontal) electron beam at the laserwire location, which was profiled using a 150 mJ, 71 ps laser pulse with a wavelength of 532 nm. The precise characterisation of the laser propagation allows the non-Gaussian transverse profiles of the electron beam caused by the laser divergence to be deconvolved. A minimum vertical electron beam size of 1.07 ${\pm}$ 0.06 (stat.) ${\pm}$ 0.05 (sys.) {\mu}m was measured. A vertically focussing quadrupole just before the laserwire was varied whilst making laserwire measurements and the projected vertical emittance was measured to be 82.56 ${\pm}$ 3.04 pm rad.Comment: 17 pages, 26 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beam

Optical diffraction radiation for position monitoring of charged particle beams

In the framework of the future linear collider collaboration (CLIC, ILC), non-intercepting beam monitoring instruments are under development for very low emittance and high charge density beams. Optical diffraction radiation (ODR) was studied and developed during the last years focussing on beam size measurements. We propose in the paper to consider the use of diffraction radiation for ultra relativistic beams as position monitors with applications for the centering of scrapers, collimators and targets with high resolution. We present the experimental results obtained using small aperture slits on the ATF2 extraction beam line at KEK and on the Cornell Electron Storage Ring with 1.2 GeV and 2.1 GeV electrons respectively

Coherent Cherenkov radiation as an intense THz source

Diffraction and Cherenkov radiation of relativistic electrons from a dielectric target has been proposed as mechanism for production of intense terahertz (THz) radiation. The use of an extremely short high-energy electron beam of a 4th generation light source (X-ray free electron laser) appears to be very promising. A moderate power from the electron beam can be extracted and converted into THz radiation with nearly zero absorption losses. The initial experiment on THz observation will be performed at CLARA/VELA FEL test facility in the UK to demonstrate the principle to a wider community and to develop the radiator prototype. In this paper, we present our theoretical predictions (based on the approach of polarization currents), which provides the basis for interpreting the future experimental measurements. We will also present our hardware design and discuss a plan of the future experiment

NEW ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PROTEIN TISSUE-SPECIFIC MARKERS IN THE ESTIMATION OF SEVERITY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

The purpose of the study was to assess the associations of proteins of pulmonary surfactants A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) with the severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Material and methods. A survey of 188 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The average age of the examined patients was 54.3 ± 16.5 years (M ± SD). In 102 patients (54.3 %) severe CAP was verified. All patients underwent clinical, functional, diagnostic and laboratory studies. Results and discussion. It was determined that SP-A and SP-D content was significantly higher in patients with severe CAP compared to patients with a mild course of this disease. The direct association of severe CAP with an elevated SP-AP level, directly associated with an increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, have been confirmed in early studies. Using partial correlation analysis, it was established that the severe course of CAP is directly related to SP-A (r = 0.221; p = 0.003) and SP-D content (r = 0.262; p < 0.001) regardless of age, smoking, and body weight. Thus, direct associations of SP-A and SP-D with a severe course of CAP reflect the high pathogenetic significance of these protective factors in infectious lung damage

Demonstration of a laserwire emittance scanner for hydrogen ion beams at CERN

A non-invasive, compact laserwire system has been developed to measure the transverse emittance of an H- beam and has been demonstrated at the new LINAC4 injector for the LHC at CERN. Light from a low power, pulsed laser source is conveyed via fibre to collide with the H- beam, a fraction of which is neutralized and then intercepted by a downstream diamond detector. Scanning the focused laser across the H- beam and measuring the distribution of the photo-neutralized particles enables the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. The vertical phase-space distribution of a 3 MeV beam during LINAC4 commissioning has been measured by the laserwire and verified with a conventional slit and grid method.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beam

Hereditary neurodegeneration with iron accumulation in the brain (literature review)

This literature review presents a modern understanding of hereditary neurodegenerations with iron accumulation in the brain – a heterogenous group of hereditary diseases, based on a violation of iron metabolism and its deposition in various brain structures with the development of pathological changes. The main and most common clinical forms, their etiopathogenetic and molecular genetic aspects, as well as possible treatment options are described.В данном литературном обзоре представлены современные представления о наследственных нейродегенерациях с накоплением железа в мозге – гетерегонной группе наследственных заболеваний, в основе которой лежит нарушение метаболизма железа и отложение его в различных структурах головного мозга с развитием патологических изменений. Описаны основные и наиболее часто встречающееся клинические формы, их этиопатогенетические и молекулярно-генетические аспекты, а также возможные варианты лечения

Prion diseases: actual clinical and diagnostic aspects

Prion diseases constitute a very specific group of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite many years of studies, little avail was achieved in terms of effective treatment. This review focuses on the data acquired throughout continuous studies, both common for prion diseases as a group and specific for most prominent variants, as well as possible approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of said diseases.Среди нейродегенеративных заболеваний особое место занимают вызываемые прионами. Несмотря на многолетние исследования, все еще не было найдено оптимальное средство для борьбы с ними. В этом обзоре рассматриваются уже изученные аспекты прионных заболеваний как класса, особенности патогенеза, течения и исхода наиболее распространенных из них, а также существующие способы лечения и профилактики