Multiplexing quantum tunneling diodes for random number generation

Random numbers are indispensable resources for application in modern science and technology. Therefore, a dedicate entropy source is essential, particularly cryptographic tasks and modern applications. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated a scheme to generate random numbers by multiplexing eight tunnel diodes onto a single circuit. As a result, the data rate of random number generation was significantly enhanced to eight folds. In comparison to the original scheme that employed one diode, this multiplexing scheme produced data with higher entropy. These data were then post-processed with the Toeplitz-hashing extractor, yielding final outputs that achieved almost full entropy and satisfied the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-90B validation. These data also passed the NIST Special Publication 800-22 statistical randomness examination and had no sign of patterns detected from an autocorrelation analysis.Comment: This article appeared in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94, 014704 (2023) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.011399

Random Number Generation from a Quantum Tunnelling Diode

Random number generation is important in many activities such as communication, encryption, science, gambling, finance, and decision-making. Quality of random numbers is critical in some applications, especially in cryptography, which require true randomness. In this work, we propose exploitation of a commercially-available quantum tunnelling diode as a source of true randomness. This off-the-shelf device is inexpensive and has a promising capability for future electronic integration at large-scale production

Studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of Aegle marmelos unripe fruit: Validating its traditional usage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Aegle marmelos </it>(L.) Correa has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. However, despite its traditional usage as an anti-diarrhoeal there is limited information regarding its mode of action in infectious forms of diarrhoea. Hence, we evaluated the hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried unripe fruit pulp of <it>A. marmelos </it>for its antimicrobial activity and effect on various aspects of pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The decoction was assessed for its antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activities. The effect of the decoction on adherence of enteropathogenic <it>Escherichia coli </it>and invasion of enteroinvasive <it>E. coli </it>and <it>Shigella flexneri </it>to HEp-2 cells were assessed as a measure of its effect on colonization. The effect of the decoction on production of <it>E. coli </it>heat labile toxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) and their binding to ganglioside monosialic acid receptor (GM1) were assessed by GM1-enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay whereas its effect on production and action of <it>E. coli </it>heat stable toxin (ST) was assessed by suckling mouse assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The decoction showed cidal activity against <it>Giardia </it>and rotavirus whereas viability of none of the six bacterial strains tested was affected. It significantly reduced bacterial adherence to and invasion of HEp-2 cells. The extract also affected production of CT and binding of both LT and CT to GM1. However, it had no effect on ST.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The decoction of the unripe fruit pulp of <it>A. marmelos</it>, despite having limited antimicrobial activity, affected the bacterial colonization to gut epithelium and production and action of certain enterotoxins. These observations suggest the varied possible modes of action of <it>A. marmelos </it>in infectious forms of diarrhoea thereby validating its mention in the ancient Indian texts and continued use by local communities for the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases.</p

ศักยภาพของย่านขลง (coptosapelta flavescens) ในการต้านเชื้อ entamoeba histolytica และ geardia intestinalis

Thesis (Ph.D., Microbiology)--Prince of Songkla University, 201

In vitro adhesion property and competition against enteropathogens of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Thai infants

Adhesion to the intestinal epithelium is considered to be one of the selection criteria for probiotics strain. In this study, the adhesion of four different Lactobacillus strains with potential probiotics properties, i.e. L. paracasei MSMC39-1, L. casei MSMC39-3, L. salivarius MSMC105-3 and L. plantarum MSMC171-1, was studied using Caco-2 cell line as an in vitro model for intestinal epithelium. Among four different Lactobacillus strains, L. salivarius MSMC105-3 was the most adhesive strain showing about 3.5 percent of adhesion index. Thus, this strain was selected to examine for its ability to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic Salmonella Typhi DMST5784 and Shigella dysenteriae DMST15111 to Caco-2 cells. The results showed that L. salivarius MSMC105-3 whole cell and its cell-free culture supernatant could inhibit the adhesion of pathogens. The results from this study indicated that both L. salivarius MSMC105-3 itself and its substances secreted into culture supernatant had the ability to reduce the adhesion of enteropathogens to Caco-2 cells

High Potential Decolourisation of Textile Dyes from Wastewater by Manganese Peroxidase Production of Newly Immobilised Trametes hirsuta PW17-41 and FTIR Analysis

Coloured wastewater from the textile industry is a very serious global problem. Among 16 different white-rot fungal isolates, Trametes hirsuta PW17-41 revealed high potential for decolourisation of mixed textile dyes (Navy EC-R, Ruby S3B and Super Black G) from real industrial wastewater samples. The efficiency of dye decolourisation was evaluated using the American Dye Manufacturers&rsquo; Institute (ADMI) standard methodology. The suitable support for fungal mycelium immobilisation was nylon sponges. The optimal dye decolourisation (95.39%) was achieved by using palm sugar and ammonium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The initial pH was 5 and the agitation speed was 100 rpm at 30 &deg;C. The ADMI values of textile dyes decreased from 2475 to 114 within two days, reducing the treatment time from seven days before optimisation. The major mechanism of dye decolourisation was biodegradation, which was confirmed by UV&ndash;visible and FTIR spectra. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) (4942 U L&minus;1) was found to be the main enzyme during the decolourisation process at an initial dye concentration of 21,200 ADMI. The results indicated the strong potential of immobilised fungal cells to remove high concentrations of textile dyes from industrial wastewater and their potential ability to produce high MnP and laccase activities that can be used in further application

Evaluation of Mutagenicity and Anti-Mutagenicity of Various Bean Milks Using Drosophila with High Bioactivation

The consumption of a nutritious diet including phytochemicals can minimize mutations as the primary cause of carcinogenesis. Bean consumption supplies calories, minerals and phytochemicals but their anti-mutagenic properties in vivo remain little understood. Hence, the present study aimed to study the mutagenicity and anti-mutagenic properties of five bean milks using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) involving Drosophila with high bioactivation. Milk derived from five bean varieties, namely black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and soybean (Glycine max) did not induce DNA mutations in Drosophila with high bioactivation, indicating their genome-safe properties. All bean milks showed anti-mutagenicity against the food-derived mutagen, urethane, in vivo with different degrees of inhibition. In the co-administration study, larvae were treated with each bean milk together with urethane. Soybean milk showed the highest anti-mutagenicity at 27.75%; peanut milk exhibited the lowest at 7.51%. In the pre-feeding study, the larvae received each bean milk followed by urethane. Soybean milk exhibited the highest anti-mutagenic potential, followed by red kidney bean and black bean milks. Total phenolic and antioxidant data revealed that the anti-mutagenicity of both red kidney bean milk and black bean milk might be derived from their phenolic or antioxidant properties; other phytochemicals may contribute to the high anti-mutagenicity observed in soybean milk. Further investigations on the anti-mutagenicity of bean milks against other dietary mutagens are required to develop bean-based products with potent anti-mutagenic properties