Influence of iron on the number of goblet cells in the small intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758

Iako je željezo esencijalni metal potreban za normalno funkcioniranje i opstanak životinjskog organizma, spada u skupinu teških metala koji zbog svojih svojstava bioakumulacije i postojanosti imaju i toksikološki učinak. U ovom istraživanju životinje su izložene najvećoj dopuštenoj koncentraciji željeza u vodi tijekom perioda od 14 i 105 dana. Laboratorijska analiza obuhvaćala je praćenje utjecaja dvovalentnog i trovalentnog željeza na broj vrčastih stanica u tankom crijevu šarana Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758. Brojnost i razlika u sastavu sekreta vrčastih stanica u epitelu tankog crijeva dokazana je histokemijskom Alcijan-PAS metodom. Rezultati pokazuju da dugotrajna izloženost željezu utječe na povećanje broja AB pozitivnih vrčastih stanica koje izlučuju kiseli sekret, u kojem prevladavaju sijalomucini i sulfomucini. Upravo taj tip sekreta dodatno povećava viskoznost izlučenog mukusa čime se povećava zaštitna uloga sekreta u probavilu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da dugotrajna izloženost maksimalno dopuštenoj koncentraciji željeza u vodi može dovesti do značajnih morfoloških i fizioloških promjena u tankom crijevu što upućuje na daljnja istraživanja ovih promjena i njihovih posljedica na organizam.Although iron is an essential metal needed for normal functioning and survival of the animal organism, it is a part of a heavy metal group of elements which have properties of bioaccumulation and persistency and have a toxic effect. In this research the animals were subjected to the highest allowed concentration of iron in the water for a period of 14 and 105 days. The laboratory analysis was comprised of monitoring the influence of bivalent and trivalent iron on the number of goblet cells in the small intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758. The number and the difference in the composition of the goblet cell mucus in the epithelium of the small intestine was proved with a histochemical Alcian-PAS method. The results show that long-term exposure to iron influences the increase of AB positive goblet cells that secret acid mucus, in which sialomucins and sulfomucins prevail. It is that type of mucins that additionally enhances the viscosity of the secreted mucus which enhances its protective role in the intestine. The results show that long-term exposure to the maximal allowed concentration of iron in water can lead to significant morphological and physiological changes in the small intestine which suggest further studies of these changes and their consequences should be made

Comparing the Rate of Developing a Psychiatric Disorder Following Sexual Assault Between Adult and Pediatric Victims

Sexual assault and abuse can leave lasting horrors on a victim, be they an adult or a child. While it has been well established that sexual abuse leaves lasting negative physiologic (obesity, heart disease, asthma) and psychiatric (depression, anxiety, suicide, heavy drinking) impressions on a victim,1 literature has not shown whether the age of a victim affects the prevalence of developing these conditions. Therefore, the question is posed, are victims of sexual assault that are minors (less than 18 years old) compared with victims that are adults (18 years of age and older) at increased risk of developing a psychiatric condition following the event? This question is important to ponder and investigate. By further understanding the prevalence of developing a psychiatric disorder based on a victim’s age, medical providers may be guided as to how vigilant they must be in providing psychiatric support and monitoring the mental health of sexual assault victims

Pakiranje zidne priključnice

U radu je izvedena analiza pakiranja odabranog proizvoda korištenjem softvera CAPE PACK, koji omogućuje lakši odabir načina pakiranja i slaganja pakiranog proizvoda na palete. Korištenjem programskih alata za analizu i optimiziranje pakiranja mogu se znatno smanjiti troškovi transporta i ambalaže, a samim time i konačne cijene proizvoda.Proizvod čije je pakiranje razmatrano u ovom radu jest zidna priključnica tvrtke «TEP» iz Zagreba. Proizvod je odabran jer pripada grupi osnovnih električnih ugradbenih proizvoda i nalazi svoju primjenu u objektima svih vrsta i namjena, te kao takav dolazi u velikim proizvodnim količinama

Behavioral priming 2.0: enter a dynamical systems perspective

On a daily basis, people are exposed to numerous stimuli, ranging from colors and smells to sounds and words, that could potentially activate different cognitive constructs and influence their actions. This type of influence on human behavior is referred to as priming. Roughly two decades ago, behavioral priming was hailed as one of the core forces that shape automatic behavior. However, failures to replicate some of the representative findings in this domain soon followed, which posed the following question: “How robust are behavioral priming effects, and to what extent are they actually important in shaping people’s actions?” To shed a new light on this question, I revisit behavioral priming through the prism of a dynamical systems perspective (DSP). The DSP is a scientific paradigm that has been developed through a combined effort of many different academic disciplines, ranging from mathematics and physics to biology, economics, psychology, etc., and it deals with behavior of simple and complex systems over time. In the present paper, I use conceptual and methodological tools stemming from the DSP to propose circumstances under which behavioral priming effects are likely to occur. More precisely, I outline three possible types of the influence of priming on human behavior, to which I refer as emergence, readjustment, and attractor switch, and propose experimental designs to examine them. Finally, I discuss relevant implications for behavioral priming effects and their replications

What Is Sexual Capital?

Dana Kaplan and Eva Illouz What Is Sexual Capital? Polity Press, 2022, 144 pp

Unburdening the shoulders of giants: a quest for disconnected academic psychology

In current academic psychology, scholars typically develop their research and ideas by drawing on the work of other contemporary and preceding psychological scientists and by following certain conventions of the field. I refer to this variant of psychology as connected because the emphasis is on connecting various research findings and ideas generated by different scholars (e.g., by showing how they are related to each other via referencing). In this article, I argue that, although connected psychology advances psychological knowledge, it restricts the total amount of knowledge that could eventually be produced and therefore limits the potential of the discipline to improve the understanding of psychological phenomena. As a solution, I propose that, alongside the currently existing connected psychology, disconnected psychology should be established. In disconnected psychology, researchers develop their ideas by following the main principles of psychological method, but they are disconnected from a “field” consisting of other psychologists and therefore do not follow the discipline’s norms and conventions. By drawing on one of the core constructs from information theory—information entropy—I argue that combining the two streams of psychology would result in the most significant advancement of psychological knowledge

Contemporary Issues of Urban Mobility

Consequences of individual transport rapid development are a threat for modern cities and their population. Actually, transport problems in urban areas mostly derive from inadequate solutions of urban mobility by local transport systems. Majority of these problems are caused by extreme density of motor vehicles in urban areas. Increase of motor vehicles is a consequence of income increase and better standard of living. Accordingly, theoretical part of this study will investigate and elaborate on modern problems of urban transport, while the practical part of this work gives an overview of concrete solutions to some of the problems of urban transport on the example of the city of Rijeka in Croatia. Results of research also suggest guidelines for more efficient transport management in cities of similar size

When perception says "no" to action: Approach cues make steep hills appear even steeper

Previous research has established that people's resources and action capabilities influence visual perception, and for example, make hills appear more or less steep. What has remained unexamined, however, is whether perception also changes when an action is impending. We propose that when action is expected in an environment that is challenging because it poses high energetic costs, perceptual estimates are increased. Experiment 1 showed that motor movements of approach led to steeper slant estimates than motor movements of avoidance, but only if participants were in good physical condition and thus capable of undertaking costly actions. Experiment 2 used a mindset priming task and found that approach resulted in higher slant estimates than either avoidance, or a neutral control condition, again for participants who were in good, but not for those in poor physical condition. Experiment 3 further showed that the approach cue on its own had the same effect as when combined with instructions that climbing was involved, thus suggesting that approach manipulations indeed implied the action of climbing. However, the effect of approach disappeared when climbing was explicitly ruled out. We suggest that inflated perceptual visual estimates in the face of challenging environments are adaptive because they discourage future actions that may be costly to perform