Alteration in soil fauna due to soil management and crop rotation in a long-term experiment

The evaluation of the population of meso and macrofauna organisms has been receiving attention in different studies related to soil quality. Therefore, the present study had as objective to evaluate the population of macro and mesofauna organisms, in an experimental area installed for 26 years in Paraná / RS. Among the 11 existing treatments, six were selected by lot, grew in a Conventional and No-tillage system. Soil fauna organisms were captured at 10 cm depth. The method used for the extraction of edaphic organisms was Tüllgren funnel. The collections were executed in blocks and repetitions that represented 312 samples. In the autumn, 60,138 m-2 individuals were estimated, and in the summer they were 28,348 m-2 individuals. The adoption of the long-term no-tillage system favors the biodiversity of the soil fauna in relation to the soil that has been undergoing two years of cultivation and four annual harrows since 1976. The native forest soil is more biodiverse than the cultivated one. The most representative edaphic taxon in the autumn were Acari, Collembola and Diptera, and in the summer they were Acari, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Larva of Lepidoptera. The phytosanitary management of the areas influence the diversity indexes of the edaphic fauna. The soil moisture abiotic factor acts severely under the edaphic fauna in the summer, being more evident in the conventional cropping system. The collection season conditioned to the abiotic factors - soil moisture and temperature - influences the density of individuals, species richness and the Shannon and Pielou indexes

Alteration in soil fauna due to soil management and crop rotation in a long-term experiment

The present study had as objective to evaluate the soil fauna population, in an experimental sites installed for 26 years in Pato Branco / PR. Among the treatments existent in the experimental site, were selected six managed under Conventional Farming System, and six managed under No-tillage, both cultivated with six different cover plants. The method used for the extraction of edaphic organisms (0-10 cm depth) was Tüllgren funnel. The collection was done in blocks and replicates (156 soil samples to quantify the soil fauna; 156 to evaluate soil moisture, and 156 soil temperature readings). In the April/2013, 60,138 m-2 individuals were estimated, and in the January/2014 they were 28,348 m-2 individuals. The adoption of the long-term No-tillage favors the biodiversity of the soil fauna in relation to the soil that has been undergoing two years of cultivation and four annual harrows since 1976. The most representative edaphic taxon in the April/2013 were Acari, Collembola and Diptera, and in the January/2014 they were Acari, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Larva of Lepidoptera. The phytosanitary management of the areas influence the diversity indexes of the edaphic fauna. The soil moisture abiotic factor acts severely under the edaphic fauna, being more evident in the conventional cropping system. The collection season conditioned to the abiotic factors - soil moisture and temperature - influences the density of individuals, species richness and the Shannon and Pielou indexes.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a população da fauna edáfica em uma área experimental instalada há 26 anos em Pato Branco / PR. Entre os tratamentos existentes na área experimental, foram selecionados seis manejados sob sistema de cultivo convencional, e seis manejados sob plantio direto, ambos cultivados com seis diferentes plantas de cobertura. O método empregado para a extração de organismos edáficos (camada 0-10 cm) foi o do Funil de Tüllgren. A execução das coletas se deu em blocos e repetições (156 amostras de solo para quantificar a fauna edáfica; 156 para avaliar a umidade do solo e 156 leituras de temperatura do solo). Em abril/2013, foram estimados 60.138 indivíduos m-2 e em janeiro/2014 foram 28.348 indivíduos m-2. A adoção do plantio direto por longo período favorece a biodiversidade da fauna do solo em relação ao solo que vem sendo feito revolvimento com duas lavrações e quatro gradagens anuais desde 1976. Os táxons edáficos mais representativos em abril/2013 foram Acari, Collembola e Diptera, e em janeiro/2014 foram Acari, Collembola, Hymenoptera e Larva de Lepidoptera. O manejo fitossanitário das áreas influencia na diversidade da fauna edáfica. O fator abiótico umidade do solo atua de forma severa sob a fauna edáfica, sendo mais evidente no sistema de cultivo convencional. A época de coleta influencia na densidade de indivíduos, na riqueza de espécies e nos índices de Shannon e Pielou