Long-Term Testing and Properties of Acrylic for the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors

The Daya Bay reactor antineutrino experiment has recently measured the neutrino mixing parameter sin22{\theta}13 by observing electron antineutrino disappearance over kilometer-scale baselines using six antineutrino detectors at near and far distances from reactor cores at the Daya Bay nuclear power complex. Liquid scintillator contained in transparent target vessels is used to detect electron antineutrinos via the inverse beta-decay reaction. The Daya Bay experiment will operate for about five years yielding a precision measurement of sin22{\theta}13. We report on long-term studies of poly(methyl methacrylate) known as acrylic, which is the primary material used in the fabrication of the target vessels for the experiment's antineutrino detectors. In these studies, acrylic samples are subjected to gaseous and liquid environmental conditions similar to those experienced during construction, transport, and operation of the Daya Bay acrylic target vessels and detectors. Mechanical and optical stability of the acrylic as well as its interaction with detector liquids is reported.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures Submitted to JINS

History of Maine\u27s Early Fishing Lures and Their Makers

There are numerous cottage industries associated with outdoor recreation in Maine, including the making of boats, canoes, guns, oars, paddles, snowshoes, sleds, and many types of fishing equipment (e.g., flies, lures, rods, reels, and nets). While the history of some of these items have been explored (e.g., early gun makers and bamboo fly-rod makers), the small-scale manufacturing of fishing lures in Maine has gone unstudied. Even the collectors of North American fishing lures, with a few exceptions (e.g., Dunlap Hook, Rangeley Spinner, and Stanley Aluminum Smelt), have over-looked the Pine Tree State. Based on a decade of research, this book brings to light the wide variety of fishing lures created in the Maine, and the lives of the people who invented, made, and sold these lures. The documented making of lures in Maine started with Ephraim L. Dunlap, a farmer who lived in the wilderness of western Maine. In 1875, Dunlap received a U.S. Patent for a hand-made, primitive-looking spring hook (i.e., fish trap). In addition to the Dunlap Spring Hook, Maine inventors patented 5 other pre-1930 fishing lures: the Stanley Aluminum Smelt (1895 and 1896 patents), (2) “Old Glory” fish and animal trap (1899), (3) Murray’s Aluminum Minnow (1910), (4) Kismet Casting Hook (1921), and (5) the Lucerne Lure (1927). The Stanley Aluminum Smelt is among the first, if not the first, aluminum fishing lure to be patented in the U.S.A. More than a book for anglers, antique dealers, and fishing lure collectors, this work explores the history of lure making, one of the numerous cottage industries supporting Maine’s outdoor recreation economy. This book traces the lives of the people who designed, made, and sold the Pine Tree State’s early fishing lures. To cover both the lures and their makers, the book is organized into 11 chapters. The introduction gives an overview of the lure making industry in northern New England, including the types of lures made, how these lures moved from makers to anglers, and the years when individual lure manufacturers operated. Next, there are 7 chapters covering the major Maine lure makers, 1880 to late 1960s. These major makers were: Henry O. Stanley (b., 1828 – d., 1913), Fred E. Bailey (1854-1940), Charles H. Morse (1869-1931), William H. “Bill” Burgess (1886-1967), Richard W. Murray (1897-1969), John L. Murray (1899-1963), Clayton H. Hamilton (~1902-1994), and Leroy “Roy” M. Applegarth (1910-2000). Each chapter featuring major makers includes biographical information, a business overview, and a gallery of photographs. While the major manufacturers produced multiple products, there were also makers who produced only one lure; these makers and their products are covered in a separate chapter. The last two chapters of the book discusses factors affecting lure prices and the likelihood of finding specific lures, followed by a concluding chapter discussing changes and trends in Maine’s lure making industry. The book has 167 color illustrations and includes a detailed index to help readers locate information about individual makers and specific lures.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/fac_monographs/1273/thumbnail.jp

Henry O. Stanley and His Fishing Tackle Business

This article provides a detailed discussion of the fishing tackle business of Henry O. Stanley as a part of Maine\u27s nineteenth century outdoor heritage. Stanley\u27s most famous lure was known as the Rangeley Spinner, and the author traces the history of this and other lures developed by Stanley. Several images are included in the article, including one of Dixfield Village on the banks of the Androscoggin River showing the location of Stanley\u27s tackle shop on Weld Street

Capt. Charles A. J. Farrar: Wilderness Writer and Adventure Provider

This article focuses on the life of Capt. Charles A. J. Farrar, emphasizing Farrar’s contributions to the birth and growth of tourism in western Maine. The article is based on a lecture that Dr. Krohn presented for the annual Hall Memorial Lecture at the Bethel Historical Society on October 13, 2012

Status of the Habitat Evaluation Procedures

The 1970s was a decade of increased awareness of environmental problems, and emphasis was placed on the development of procedures for predicting impacts of proposed developmental activities on natural systems. Impact assessment has evolved from a focus on species numbers, human use, species richness, and related methods to include the investigation of habitat as a supplemental or alternative approach to environmental planning, mitigation, species management, and impact assessment (Schamberger 1979, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1980a, 1980b). The impetus for habitat-based assessment techniques came primarily from two sources: (1) environmental legislation requiring noneconomic project evaluations; and (2) an awareness within the scientific community that traditional methods of inventory and analysis were inadequate for land and water planning purposes. Baseline studies of the early 1970s typically resorted to inventories of existing plant and animal species. Such inventories were time consuming, documented only existing conditions, and did not provide a framework appropriate for predicting and evaluating future conditions. In addition, Federal land management agencies generally focus on habitat, not species, management (e.g., Crawford and Lewis 1978). Thus, a documented need exists for a habitat approach to impact assessment. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), in cooperation with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BR), and State and private organizations developed a standardized, habitat-based evaluation technique to meet this need

Habitat Classification-Assessments For Wildlife and Fish

Comprehensive planning and management of natural resources require the assessment of existing and future conditions offish and wildlife. Fish and wildlife, hereafter referred to as wildlife resources, can be inventoried and assessed either in terms of animals or habitats. Both approaches are useful given certain management objectives. For example, population inventories in concert with other data, are often used to assess the impacts of hunting. In contrast, habitat inventories are used to evaluate the impacts of grazing, or other land and water uses, on wildlife resources. Our objective is not to compare or contrast the two approaches, but to focus on habitat assessments and the growing need for wildlife resource managers to more effectively influence the planning and management of land and water (i.e., habitats)

Marketing Dynamics of a Hotel Tax: The Case of Chautauqua County, New York

Imposing a hotel tax in Chautauqua County, New York, which has natural attractions and the proximity of viable markets, might be highly likely to contribute significantly to the economic climate for the county. The authors examine the likely impact of hotel taxes, review hotel tax rates in cities across the country and in New York State, recommend revenue distribution, and propose a process by which hotel tax revenues can be equitably and efficiently disburse

TB157: Capture, Care, and Handling of Fishers (Martes pennanti)

These authors brought fishers into captivity to assess the reproductive cycles of both sexes and to monitor females with known reproductive histories. In addition, kits born in captivity were raised to sexual maturity to monitor growth and development. Here they report on the rates at which fishers were caught, the care and maintenance of fishers while in captivity, and the handling procedures used with 44 fishers taken from the wild and 38 fishers conceived in the wild and born in captivity, during the period from 1990 to 1993.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1057/thumbnail.jp

TB132: An Annotated Bibliography of Predator Research in Maine, 1974-1988

From 1974 to 1988, graduate students (13 M.S. and 5 Ph.D.) and faculty members from the University of Maine conducted a series of studies regarding the ecology of coyotes, red foxes, bobcats, pine martens, fishers, otters, and their prey. This research was reported in 67 theses, journal articles, or other reports, which are abstracted here. An introductory section summarizes the major findings.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1068/thumbnail.jp