Disorders in the functional state of the body in shift workers and its correction under the conditions of the North

Shift workers from oil companies operating in the northern regions of Siberia were examined to develop signs of deterioration of the functional state of the body, such as a decrease in the ventilatory function of the lungs, a decrease in the adaptive reserve of the circulatory system, the prevalence of sympathetic tone in the autonomic nervous system, and thyroid imbalances, and all symptoms collectively reflect disorders in the physiological adaptation processes. The reported disorders are aggravated in the working shift period, but the disturbed functions fail to be recovered for the intershift rest period. A set of rehabilitation measures dur ing the intershift period helps to reduce the signs of tension in the physiological adaptation, which is mani fested in an improved functional state, a normalized adaptive potential, and a decrease in the sympathetic tone

Physiological basis of the improvement of movement accuracy on the basis of stabilographic training with biological feedback

Physiological parameters of hitting the ball in the unsupported position and prospects for improv ing spikes through training with a biological feedback were studied in volleyball players. The physiological and biomechanical parameters characterizing a direct attacking shot in a supported position correlate with the biomechanical specificities characterizing the performance of this short in a jump. At the same time, the physiological ability to provide the accuracy of hitting actions is associated, first, with improving the coordi nation of trunk and arm movements in the flight phase, second, with the factors of intramuscular and intermuscular coordination of the striking arm, and, third, with a change in the pattern of motions of an athlete’s center of pressure. The use of a computer based stabilographic method of training with a biofeedback contributes to the optimization of physiological and biomechanical parameters of motor actions in the unsu

Electrophysiological neuromuscular systemic characteristics of athletes in power training

This study is based on the analysis of electrophysiological characteristics describing the neuromuscular system of athletes during their training sessions, depending on their specialization and level of sport skills. It has been shown that the physiological changes securing the perfection of strength training in weightlifting athletes are mainly concentrated in the peripheral part of their neuromuscular system, namely, at the level of muscles themselves and neuromuscular junctions, and reflected in the electromyogram characteristics as arbitrary movements and M response parameters. At the same time, physiological rearrangements in combat athletes touch the peripheral mechanisms and the central component in the regulation of motor activity and are reflected in the parameters of visual and somatosensory evoked brain potentials. The results disclose an entire set of new important approaches to the functioning of different compartments in the nervous system and the neuromuscular apparatus in athletes of different specializations. They can serve as the basis for the development of practical recommendations on the organization of sports-specialized selection at different stages of athletic perfection, as well as for the physiological support of training process and methods of operating control

Effect of audiovisual stimulation on the psychophysiological functions in track-and-field athletes

In 18- to 23-year-old athletes specialized in field-and-track athletics, the psychophysiological status (cognitive, psychoemotional, and neurodynamic indicators) and the spectral power of the main EEG rhythms, and the heart rate variability prior to and after the course of audiovisual stimulation (AVS) training (the experimental group) were studied as compared with athletes not receiving AVS (the control group). It has been shown that the AVS training sessions in the experimental group caused improvements to the psychoemotional (the levels of anxiety and neuroticism decreased, while the motivation to achieve success and the hardiness level increased), cognitive, and neurodynamic indicators (the volume of mechanical memory and the speeds of attention switching and simple visual-motor responses increased, while the variation of anticipatory and delayed responses to a moving object became reduced). Increases have also been recorded in the high-frequency EEG α2-subrange rhythm power and the parasympathetic nervous system activity, while the autonomic regulation contour activity was enhanced, and more efficient heart activity at rest was formed after the AVS training course in the experimental group compared to the control. This leads to the conclusion about a positive effect of the AVS training course received by athletes engaged in track-and-field athletics on their psychophysiological parameters and autonomic regulation mechanisms

Our experience of surgical treatment of aortic arch obstruction in children in the presence of antegrade selective cerebral perfusion

This work is about outcomes of surgical treatment aortic arch obstruction in children performed with the use of selective cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia. The study included 97 patients with aortic coarctation, recoarctation and hypoplastic aortic arch. The patients were divided into 3 groups. 75 patients with isolated coarctation and recoarctation or with concomitant atrial septal defects, patentforamen ovale and patent ductus arterious were assigned to the 1st group. The 2nd group included 13 patients with aortic arch obstruction and ventricular septal defects. The 3rd group consisted of 9 patients with coarctation, recoarctation and complex intracardiac anomalies. All patients underwent reconstruction of the aortic arch with selective cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia. Overall mortality rate was 4%. Postoperative complications took place in 7% of the cases: 1% - postoperative bleeding, 1% - paresis of the diaphragm, 2% - pneumothorax, 2% - chylothorax, and 1% of the cases - vocal cords paresis. Respiratory postoperative complications were registered in 5% of cases. In 6% of the cases patients had neurological postoperative complications. After the operation there was no gradientfound between the pressures on upper and lower extremities. We consider that antegrade selective cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia during aortic arch reconstruction are effective methods of brain and visceral organs protection

Accounting of geomechanical layer properties in multi-layer oil field development

Amid the ever-increasing urgency to develop oil fields with complex mining and geological conditions and low-efficiency reservoirs, in the process of structurally complex reservoir exploitation a number of problems arise, which are associated with the impact of layer fractures on filtration processes, significant heterogeneity of the structure, variability of stress-strain states of the rock mass, etc. Hence an important task in production engineering of such fields is a comprehensive accounting of their complex geology. In order to solve such problems, the authors suggest a methodological approach, which provides for a more reliable forecast of changes in reservoir pressure when constructing a geological and hydrodynamic model of a multi-layer field. Another relevant issue in the forecasting of performance parameters is accounting of rock compressibility and its impact on absolute permeability, which is the main factor defining the law of fluid filtration in the productive layer. The paper contains analysis of complex geology of a multi-layer formation at the Alpha field, results of compression test for 178 standard core samples, obtained dependencies between compressibility factor and porosity of each layer. By means of multiple regression, dependencies between permeability and a range of parameters (porosity, density, calcite and dolomite content, compressibility) were obtained, which allowed to take into account the impact of secondary processes on the formation of absolute permeability. At the final stage, efficiency of the proposed methodological approach for construction of a geological and hydrodynamic model of an oil field was assessed. An enhancement in the quality of well-by-well adaptation of main performance parameters, as well as an improvement in predictive ability of the adjusted model, was identified

Scientific justification of the perforation methods for Famennian deposits in the southeast of the Perm Region based on geomechanical modelling

The article presents the results of analysing geological structure of the Famennian deposits (Devonian) in the Perm Region. Numerical modelling of the distribution of inhomogeneous stress field near the well was performed for the two considered types of perforation. With regard for the geometry of the forming perforation channels, numerical finite element models of near-wellbore zones were created considering slotted and cumulative perforation. It is ascertained that in the course of slotted perforation, conditions are created for a significant restoration of effective stresses and, as a result, restoration of reservoir rock permeability. Stress recovery area lies near the well within a radius equal to the length of the slots, and depends on the drawdown, with its increase, the area decreases. From the assessment of failure areas, it was found that in case of slotted perforation, the reservoir in near-wellbore zone remains stable, and failure zones can appear only at drawdowns of 10 MPa and more. The opposite situation was recorded for cumulative perforation; failure zones near the holes appear even at a drawdown of 2 MPa. In general, the analysis of results of numerical simulation of the stress state for two simulated types of perforation suggests that slotted perforation is more efficient than cumulative perforation. At the same time, the final conclusion could be drawn after determining the patterns of changes in permeability of the considered rocks under the influence of changing effective stresses and performing calculations of well flow rates after making the considered types of perforation channels

Пластический бронхит, ассоциированный с корригированным пороком сердца у ребенка

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare disease that causes airway obstruction with large «rubber» bronchial casts in adults and children, mainly due to concomitant cardiac or pulmonary pathology. It involves the organization of exudate or transudate, which takes the form of the respiratory tract. Mortality with PB reaches 50%. Exact epidemiological data are not known. In most patients, PB occurs in the context of major diseases, which can be conditionally divided into two groups: heart and vascular disease and secondary complication of pulmonary diseases. Usually PB manifests with episodes of dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxia, fever and cough associated with airway obstruction. Sometimes the symptoms resemble asthma or obstructive bronchitis, accompanied by wheezing and the symptoms of respiratory failure, decreasing of saturation (of what?), the development of pneumothorax. All existing methods of treatment are symptomatic. Promising methods of therapy are the use of inhaled unfractionated heparin and a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TAP). The article presents a clinical case of PB in a girl of 5 years with the background of corrected cardiac anomaly.Пластический бронхит (ПБ) – редкое заболевание, вызывающее обструкцию дыхательных путей крупными «резиновыми» слепками бронхов у взрослых и детей, преимущественно в связи с сопутствующей сердечной или легочной патологией. Это связано с организацией экссудата, или транссудата, который принимает форму дыхательных путей. Смертность при ПБ достигает 50%. Точные эпидемиологические данные неизвестны. У большинства пациентов ПБ возникает в контексте основных заболеваний, которые условно можно разделить на две группы: болезни сердца и сосудов и вторичное осложнение легочных заболеваний. Клинические проявления ПБ проявляются эпизодами одышки, тахикардии, гипоксии, лихорадки и кашля, связанного с обструкцией дыхательных путей. Иногда симптомы напоминают астму или обструктивный бронхит, сопровождаются разнообразными хрипами и симптомами дыхательной недостаточности, снижением сатурации, развитием пневмоторакса. Все существующие методы лечения являются симптоматическими. Перспективными методами терапии являются ингаляционное использование нефракционированного гепарина и рекомбинантного тканевого активатора плазминогена (ТАП). В статье приводится клинический случай развития и течения ПБ у девочки 5 лет после гемодинамической коррекции функционально единственного желудочка сердца.

Сравнительное исследование веществ первичного обмена ряски малой (Lemna minor L.), ряски тройчатой (Lemna trisulca L.) и многокоренника обыкновенного (Spirodella polyrrhiza L. Schleid.)

The purpose of the paper is to study qualitative composition and quantitative content of primary exchange compounds in duckweed (Lemna minor L.), trisulki duckweed (Lemna trisulca L.) and spirodela (Spirodella polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid).Materials and methods. The subject of the study was air-dried samples of grass collected during their 2010- 2011 growing season in low-flow and stagnant water bodies of Kozhevnikovsky and Tomsk districts of the Tomsk region. The concentration of free monosaccharides was determined by direct-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of the bound sugars was determined by capillary electrophoresis using Applied Biosystem 273T (Thermophischer Ltd., USA). To obtain data on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids, the amino acid analyzer Hitachi 835 (Japan) was used.Results. It was found out that the least amount of amino acids contained in the water extract from duckweed trifoliate – 96,14 mg, which is 2 times less than in extracts of Lemna minor and Lemna multirooted (205,65 and 208,38 mg, respectively). In duckweed the minimum content of free and bound monosaccharides was determined to be 10,54%, while in the Lemna trifoliate and Lemna multirooted their content was 14,30% and 15,35%, respectively. This study showed the qualitative and quantitative differences of free and bound monosaccharide and amino acid composition between previously mentioned species. Цель исследования. Изучение качественного состава и количественного содержания веществ первичного обмена трех видов ряски: ряски малой (Lemna minor L.), ряски тройчатой (Lemna trisulca L.) и многокоренника обыкновенного, или ряски многокорневой (Spirodella polyrrhiza L. Schleid., синоним – Lemna polyrrhiza L.).Материал и методы. Объектами исследования служили воздушно-сухие образцы травы, собранные в период их вегетации в 2010–2011 гг. в малопроточных и стоячих водоемах Кожевниковского и Томского районов Томской области. Определение содержания свободных моносахаридов проводили методом прямофазной высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Содержание связанных сахаров определяли методом капиллярного электрофореза, используя прибор Applied Biosystem 273T (Термофишер Лтд., США). Для получения данных о качественном составе и количественном содержании аминокислот применяли аминокислотный анализатор Hitachi 835 (Япония).Результаты. Наименьшее количество аминокислот содержится в водном извлечении ряски тройчатой – 59,70 мг, что в два раза меньше, чем в извлечениях из ряски малой и ряски многокорневой (127,9 и 131,55 мг соответственно). Минимальное содержание свободных и связанных моносахаридов определено в ряске малой – 10,54%, в то время как в ряске тройчатой и ряске многокорневой их содержание составляет 14,30 и 15,35% соответственно. Показано качественное и количественное видовое отличие свободных и связанных моносахаров и аминокислотного состава.

Исторические и современные аспекты хирургического лечения аномалии Эбштейна

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are recognized as the most common type of congenital pathology. The frequency of CHDs reaches 2.4–14.2 % per 1 000 newborns. Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare and complex pathology that can be manifested clinically at any age. Drug treatment is ineffective in patients with this pathology. Preference in this case should be given to surgical treatment. Cardiac surgeons must know basic methods of correction of this pathology, their advantages, and disadvantages. The literature review shows the evolution of Ebstein’s anomaly surgical correction techniques from the middle of the XX century to the present moment. The description of the main tricuspid valve repair techniques, which had an impact on the development of Ebstein’s anomaly surgery, is given. The volume of flap tissue that can be separated from the wall of the right ventricle is the key to successful valve repair. A case of tricuspid valve repair and replacement is given. “Cone” reconstruction is the most promising modern technique. There is also a need in new techniques and modification of the existing ones. The works aimed at their improvement and elimination of imperfections are promising.На сегодняшний день врожденные пороки сердца (ВПС) занимают одно из ведущих мест среди всей врожденной патологии. Частота ВПС достигает 2,4–14,2% на 1 000 новорожденных. Аномалия Эбштейна – редкая и сложная патология, клиническая картина которой может проявляться в любом возрасте. Медикаментозное лечение пациентов с этой патологией малоэффективно. Предпочтение в данном случае следует отдать хирургическому лечению. Для кардиохирурга важно знать основные методы коррекции этой патологии, их преимущества и недостатки.В литературном обзоре показана эволюция методов хирургических коррекции аномалии Эбштейна с середины XX в. по настоящий момент. Дано описание хирургической техники основных способов пластики трикуспидального клапана, оказавших влияние на развитие хирургии аномалии Эбштейна. Ключевым моментом для успешной пластики клапана становится объем ткани створки, который возможно отделить от стенки правого желудочка. Приведен опыт выполнения протезирования и пластики трехстворчатого клапана. Наиболее многообещающим методом на сегодняшний день является «конусная» реконструкция. Таким образом, существует необходимость поиска новых методов и модификации уже имеющихся. Работы, направленные на их усовершенствование и устранение недостатков, являются перспективными