Creating safer cities through urban planning and development.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city‘s inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.Nusikalstamumas ir jo mažinimas – vienas iš pagrindinių daugelio pasaulio ir Lietuvos miestų gyventojų rūpestis. Tai vienas iš esminių socialinių pavojų, pasireiškiantis visais visuomenės lygmenimis: tiek individualiu, organizacijos, miesto, nacionaliniu, tiek ir tarptautiniu (globaliu). Bendruomenės narių ir jų grupių saugumo užtikrinimas yra vienas iš svarbiausių vietos valdžios institucijų veiklos uždavinių. Akivaizdu, kad tik taikant kompleksines strategijas, apimančias skirtingus nusikalstamumo prevencijos metodus, galima pasiekti teigiamų rezultatų. Nors mokslninkų ir praktikų diskusijose nusikalstamumo miestuose mažinimo tema dominuoja socialinių mokslų atstovų siūlomi sprendimai, straipsnio autoriai pabrėžia, kad būtina pažinti ir kartu aktyviai taikyti miestų planavimo srities specialistų siūlomus nusikalstamumą mažinančius metodus. Antroje straipsnio dalyje išsamiau pristatomas vienas iš miesto planuotojų siūlomų - erdvės sintaksės - metodas, padedantis nustatyti miesto urbanistinės struktūros ir nusikalstamų veikų įvykdymo sąlygų ryšius. Taip pat pateiktas tyrimas, kuriuo buvo siekiama, pritaikant erdvės sintaksės metodą, nustatyti Vilniaus miesto mažiausiai saugias atviras viešąsias erdves ir jų ypatumus bei pateikti siūlymus miestų vadovams, kaip šalinti nusikalstamumo priežastis taikant ne tik socialinius, ekonominius, bet ir miesto planavimo srities sprendimus

Research of forest workers ergonomic factors

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama miško darbuotojo darbo pozų, fizinio darbo sunkumo ir energijos sąnaudų tyrimai. REBA metodu įvertintos skirtingos miško darbuotojų darbo pozos įvairių operacijų (medžių pjovimo ir vertimo, medelių iškasimo, įsodinimo, sodinimo) metu. Fizinis darbo sunkumas vertintas, panaudojant ASUS ir HiVivo įrangą, ir išmatuojant širdies plakimo dažnį bei nustatant energijos sąnaudas dirbant skirtingus darbus. Nustatyta, kad miško darbuotojams sunkiausi ir kenksmingiausi yra krovinių nešimo darbaiThe research investigate about forest worker's work postures, physical labor intensity and energy consumption. Authors evaluates witch the REBA method the different work postures of forest workers during various work operations (tree cutting and take down, load carrying, planting of sprouts , insertion in pots). The physical labor intensity was determined by measuring witch ASUS system the frequency of heartbeat and energy consumption in different works. It has been determined that the most intensity and harmful work is load carryingVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Saugaus miesto kūrimas taikant miestų planavimo ir vystymo metodus

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city‘s inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population

Performance Assessment of Double Corrugated Tubes in a Tube-In-Shell Heat Exchanger

In this article, the performance of double corrugated tubes applied in a tube-in-shell heat exchanger is analysed and compared to the performance of a heat exchanger equipped with straight tubes. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis was performed considering a turbulent flow regime at several mass flow rates. It is observed that the double corrugated geometry does not have a significant impact on the pressure drop inside the analysed heat exchanger, while it has the potential to increase its thermal performance by up to 25%. The ε–NTU (effectiveness–number of transfer units) relation also demonstrates the advantage of using double corrugated tubes in tube-in-shell heat exchangers over straight tubes

Ką miesto bendrasis planas sako apie mūsų saugumą? Lyginamoji Vilniaus, Kauno ir Klaipėdos analizė

High rates of crime have always been considered a serious threat to city development. Crime and urban development are strongly interconnected, therefore, local development policies cannot be successful without crime prevention strategies. One of the areas where local governments are characterized by quite a high degree of independence is that of urban planning, typically documented in a city master plan. In the light of the topic of safety in the urban space, one of the most notable measures of space evaluation is that of land use. The paper is aimed at identifying land uses, the most vulnerable to crime and the safest ones, and their permutations in the three largest cities of Lithuania: Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda, in accordance with both different types of criminal acts and crime as a whole. The findings have been based on the analysis of about 50 thousand incidents of anti-social behavior, committed in open public spaces, along 17 types of criminal acts and 14 types of land uses and their permutations. The underlying approach is that of space syntax, as it best integrates social and spatial elements of a city. The paper is novel in its attempt to access not only separate land uses, but also their clusters (i.e., permutations). In addition, the paper covers a broader range of anti-social behavior than most of the previously carried out research (i.e., the paper looks beyond theft, burglary, and robbery) used to. Therefore, the results might be of interest to a wider audience than the national one

Preliminary experimental study on simultaneous polishing and shape setting of Nitinol wire

Abstract Separate processes for shape setting and polishing of Nitinol workpieces are well investigated in scientific literature and adopted industrially. However, a simultaneous process for shape setting and polishing of Nitinol has not yet been reported. In this study, preliminary results of such process are presented, providing insights and directions for further research on post-processing shape memory materials. For this purpose, Nitinol wire samples with phase transformation temperatures A f = 4.5 °C, A f = 31 °C and A f = 61 °C were plasma electrolytic polished (PEP) while fitted in a specially designed sample holder at three electrolyte temperatures t e = 50 °C, t e = 65 °C and t e = 80 °C. The PEP process duration was τ PEP = 60 s, τ PEP = 180 s and τ PEP = 300 s. After the PEP processes, the samples were investigated for the shape memory effect (SME). The training effect, known to be present in shape memory alloys (SMA), was taken into account. The surface roughness of the investigated wires was measured before and after the PEP process. The obtained results demonstrate that both a phase transformation temperature and an electrolyte temperature have a strong effect on polishing and shape setting results