Nursing Case Report in Patient after right Breast Reconstruction with Abdominal Flap at the Departement of Plastic Surgery

<p>A: CLDN2; B: CLDN12; C: OCLN; D: ZO1.</p

Representative single immunohistochemistry for CLDN2 in mid jejunal epithelial paraffin sections of (N+/Ca+) goats.

<p>CLDN2 is detectable apically (arrows) and in lateral membranes of enterocytes (arrowheads) in crypts. No unspecific staining was detected in the negative control (insert). Scale bars: 100 μm.</p

TTX sensitivity of the distension induced secretory response.

Incubation of tissues with TTX prior to Pser (and Pmuc in porcine tissue) led to a reduced secretion only in the human ascending colon (a), and to a significant reduction in the secretory response in the porcine colon (b). Paired t test and Wilcoxon test; p values above brackets. Data shown are the medians with the 25th and 75th quartiles as a box plot and the minima and maxima as a whisker plot. N numbers are given in parenthesis.</p

Secretory response to tensile forces.

Prevention of tissue distension during Pser by a mucosal placed filter significantly reduced the secretory response in human ((a); Wilcoxon test) and porcine (b) colonic tissue (unpaired t test); p values above brackets. Data shown are the medians with the 25th and 75th quartiles as a box plot and the minima and maxima as a whisker plot. N numbers are given in parenthesis.</p

Initial and final body weight as well as daily weight gain of growing goats receiving an N and/or Ca reduced diet.

<p>Initial and final body weight as well as daily weight gain of growing goats receiving an N and/or Ca reduced diet.</p

Distension of human colonic tissue by serosal pressure application.

Pressure application (20 mmHg) from the serosal side led to a visible distension of human colonic mucosa/submucosa preparations into the mucosal compartment of the Ussing chamber. (MP4)</p

Effect of mucosal addition of 20 mM TAP in the mid jejunum.

<p>TAP, 2,4,6 triaminopyrimidin. Effect on tissue conductance (G_t) (a). Inhibition of G_t statistically quantified by paired t-test (b).</p

Location of human colonic specimens and diseases underlying the surgery.

Location of human colonic specimens and diseases underlying the surgery.</p

Secretory response to three times repeated P_ser.

In human (a) and porcine tissue (b), responses to three times repeated Pser 20 mmHg (human) and 60 mmHg (porcine) were not significantly different from each other (human: Repeated measures ANOVA: n.s. with Holm-Sidak’s comparison test: n.s.; porcine: Friedman test: n.s. with Dunn‘s multiple comparison test: n.s.). Ascending colon = asc. colon; transverse colon = trans. colon; descending colon = desc. colon; sigma–rectum regions = sig/rec. Data shown are the individual values for the first, second and third pressure application, respectively. N numbers are given in parenthesis.</p

Expression of Tight Junction Proteins and Cadherin 17 in the Small Intestine of Young Goats Offered a Reduced N and/or Ca Diet

<div><p>Diets fed to ruminants should contain nitrogen (N) as low as possible to reduce feed costs and environmental pollution. Though possessing effective N-recycling mechanisms to maintain the N supply for rumen microbial protein synthesis and hence protein supply for the host, an N reduction caused substantial changes in calcium (Ca) and phosphate homeostasis in young goats including decreased intestinal transepithelial Ca absorption as reported for monogastric species. In contrast to the transcellular component of transepithelial Ca transport, the paracellular route has not been investigated in young goats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the effects of dietary N and/or Ca reduction on paracellular transport mechanisms in young goats. Electrophysiological properties of intestinal epithelia were investigated by Ussing chamber experiments. The expression of tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in intestinal epithelia were examined on mRNA level by <i>q</i>PCR and on protein level by western blot analysis. Dietary N reduction led to a segment specific increase in tissue conductances in the proximal jejunum which might be linked to concomitantly decreased expression of cadherin 17 mRNA. Expression of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens protein 1 was increased in mid jejunal epithelia of N reduced fed goats on mRNA and partly on protein level. Reduced dietary Ca supply resulted in a segment specific increase in claudin 2 and claudin 12 expression and decreased the expression of OCLN which might have been mediated at least in part by calcitriol. These data show that dietary N as well as Ca reduction affected expression of TJ and AJ proteins in a segment specific manner in young goats and may thus be involved in modulation of paracellular Ca permeability.</p></div