Dibenzofurans from Cladonia corniculata Ahti and Kashiw inhibit key enzymes involved in inflammation and gout: An in vitro approach

The usage of natural sources like lichen extracts and their metabolites as anti-inflammatory agents is well known for ages. Based on the data of the folklore and documented books, researchers tested lichens and their products for anti-inflammatory properties and they identified many therapeutic agents used to diagnosis acute and chronic inflammation with lesser side effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the acetone extract of Cladonia corniculata(AE)and its metabolites for in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-gout effects. Through chemical investigation, we have successfully isolated and identified three known dibenzofurans, namely alectosarmentin 1, porphyrilic acid 2, and strepsilin 3 from the AE. All isolated dibenzofurans1-3 showed prominent inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, whereas compounds 1 and 2 exhibited noticeable inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Only compound 2 showed significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 80.17±0.66 µg/mL, while standard drug allopurinol with 9.10±0.64 µg/mL. The results indicate that C. corniculatacan be a favourable natural source for the treatment of inflammation and gout and these actions are linked to the natural active dibenzofurans1-3.

Dibenzofurans from Cladonia corniculata Ahti and Kashiw inhibit key enzymes involved in inflammation and gout: An in vitro approach

715-719The usage of natural sources like lichen extracts and their metabolites as anti-inflammatory agents is well known for ages. Based on the data of the folklore and documented books, researchers tested lichens and their products for anti-inflammatory properties and they identified many therapeutic agents used to diagnosis acute and chronic inflammation with lesser side effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the acetone extract of Cladonia corniculata(AE)and its metabolites for in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-gout effects. Through chemical investigation, we have successfully isolated and identified three known dibenzofurans, namely alectosarmentin 1, porphyrilic acid 2, and strepsilin 3 from the AE. All isolated dibenzofurans1-3 showed prominent inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, whereas compounds 1 and 2 exhibited noticeable inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Only compound 2 showed significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 80.17±0.66 µg/mL, while standard drug allopurinol with 9.10±0.64 µg/mL. The results indicate that C. corniculatacan be a favourable natural source for the treatment of inflammation and gout and these actions are linked to the natural active dibenzofurans1-3

Green Pricing Model with Mental and R&D Share: A Strategy for non Green Firms

The research on green marketing practices is going popular now a day but still many companies are lagging behind in development of green products. Thus, these companies may follow the green marketing mix approach to get competitive advantage in term of profitability. This study focused on only one element of green marketing mix (i.e Green Price). SPSS was used to interpret the results while the data was collected from employees of Unilever. The relation of green price is studies with mental and R&D share and study provided the significant results. The derived model can be used by non green firms to add green element at least in their sales operations

Spotting 2-D Atomic Layers on Aluminum Nitride Thin Films

The availability of large-area substrates imposes an important constraint on the technological and commercial realization of devices made of layered materials. Aluminum nitride films on silicon are shown to be promising candidate materials as large-area substrates for such devices. Herein, the optical contrast of exemplar 2D layers - MoS2and graphene - on AlN films has been investigated as a necessary first step to realize devices on these substrates. Significant contrast enhancements are predicted and observed on AlN films compared to conventional SiO2films. Quantitative estimates of experimental contrast using reflectance spectroscopy show very good agreement with predicted values.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, supplementary informatio