Evaluating the effectiveness of chess as a therapeutic tool in the comprehensive management of ADHD

Using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar with the keywords Chess and ADHD , this study was conducted to review the literature on the usefulness of chess in patients with ADHD. The most relevant articles were searched using the following criteria: English language, and all types of studies published in a medical journal. A total 12 articles were identified. Of a total of 12 articles, 4 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently reviewed. The results of the review showed that chess therapy/training is effective in the management of ADHD patients in terms of reducing symptoms and severity. Due to its effectiveness, playful nature, high adherence and low cost, it can be used as a therapeutic tool in multimodal management to improve ADHD symptoms. Considering the limited number of published studies in this field, our findings need to be confirmed by further controlled, randomized and extended studies. In our investigation, we found no study evaluating the effectiveness of chess in the adult subgroup of the ADHD population

Silicon substrate significantly alters dipole-dipole resolution in coherent microscope

Influences of a substrate below samples in imaging performances are studied by reaching the solution to the dyadic Green's function, where the substrate is modeled as half space in the sample region. Then, theoretical and numerical analysis are performed in terms of magnification, depth of field, and resolution. Various settings including positions of dipoles, the distance of the substrate to the focal plane and dipole polarization are considered. Methods to measure the resolution of $z$-polarized dipoles are also presented since the modified Rayleigh limit cannot be applied directly. The silicon substrate and the glass substrate are studied with a water immersion objective lens. The high contrast between silicon and water leads to significant disturbances on imaging

Outcome of expectantly managed small-for-gestational-age pregnancies with normal Doppler parameters- a prospective cohort study

Background: SGA foetuses with normal Dopplers are not at risk of IUD. However, there is lack of consensus about timing of delivery of SGA foetuses. Clinicians commonly induce all SGA pregnancies at 37 weeks. Expectant management of SGA foetuses beyond 37 weeks is not well studied.Methods: We followed up women with clinically suspected growth restriction with foetal biometry, Doppler and biophysical profile. Pregnancies with foetal AC between 10th to 3rd centile with normal Dopplers were recruited in the study group. The women were allowed to go in spontaneous labor till 39+6/7 weeks or were induced at 39+6/7 weeks. The outcome of such cases was compared with controls who were induced at 37+0/7 weeks.Results: Spontaneous labor occurred in 42% subjects in study group whereas in control group all were induced. Mean gestation at delivery in the study group was increased (39.57±0.71 versus 37.0±0.0, p value <0.001). Almost 81% of the subjects in study group delivered after 39 weeks. The rate of caesarean section was significantly lower in study group (3% versus 22%, p value-0.024). Also, the risk of intrapartum foetal distress was lower in study group (3/36 versus 1/36).The mean birth weight in the study group was higher (2426.5±154.1 gm versus 2297.9±101.4 gm, p value <0.001.Conclusions: Expectant management of SGA pregnancies with normal Doppler parameters leads to a significant increase in gestational age at birth and the mean birth weight and a significant reduction in caesarean section rate.

Viewing life without labels under optical microscopes

Optical microscopes today have pushed the limits of speed, quality, and observable space in biological specimens revolutionizing how we view life today. Further, specific labeling of samples for imaging has provided insight into how life functions. This enabled label-based microscopy to percolate and integrate into mainstream life science research. However, the use of labelfree microscopy has been mostly limited, resulting in testing for bio-application but not bio-integration. To enable bio-integration, such microscopes need to be evaluated for their timeliness to answer biological questions uniquely and establish a long-term growth prospect. The article presents key label-free optical microscopes and discusses their integrative potential in life science research for the unperturbed analysis of biological samples

Single dose versus multiple doses of antibiotics in women undergoing caesarean section: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Background: The study aimed to compare the rates of surgical site infection in women undergoing caesarean section, given either a single dose of antibiotic 30-60 minutes before giving skin incision or multiple doses. There is enough evidence available from high-income countries supporting a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic. However, there is scanty data from middle- and low-income countries. Methods: An open-ended randomized trial was undertaken on 400 women undergoing caesarean section. Women in the intervention group were given one dose of intravenous cefazolin before skin incision. Women in the comparison group were given intravenous ceftriaxone before skin incision, and intravenous ceftriaxone plus metronidazole for forty-eight hours after caesarean. Results: There was no significant difference between the single and multiple-dose regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean sections when compared for postoperative surgical site infections. Secondary outcome variables, that is, side-effects of antibiotics were significantly more in the multiple-dose group. Conclusions: A single-dose regimen for antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as a multiple-dose regimen, in low-risk women undergoing caesarean section, both elective and emergency

Tubercles of transverse process of atlas with its developmental correlations

Background: Atlas is the first cervical vertebra. The transverse process of atlas homologous with the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of a typical cervical vertebra. There is a controversy about the development of the tip of the transverse process of atlas vertebra.Methods: The 300 human dry atlas vertebra or 600 transverse processes were selected from the anthropology museum of department of anatomy, SRMS medical college Bareilly and SGRRIM &HS Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India. The age and sex of the vertebrae were not taken into consideration. The tip of the Transverse process of atlas vertebrae was examined for its variants like having anterior and posterior tubercles like the typical cervical vertebrae.Results: The anterior and posterior tubercles of the transverse process and the status of foramen transversarium were observed in 300 atlas vertebrae. In 1.33% of specimen the tips of the transverse process having bilateral anterior and posterior tubercles. In 0.83% of specimen transverse process having anterior and posterior tubercles on the left side and in 1% on the right side. The total percentages of transverse processes with anterior and posterior tubercles were found in 3.17% of specimens.Conclusions: In present observation the tip of the transverse process of atlas presenting the feature of a typical cervical vertebra (with Anterior and posterior tubercles) observed in 3.17% of specimen. This study may be helpful for the embryologist, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons

Risk factors for fetal growth restriction in preterm births: a retrospective case control study

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB) are two adverse pregnancy outcomes. There are many maternal risk factors that predispose to preterm and FGR independently. Very few studies have identified risk factors for combinations of preterm and FGR. The aim of the study was to find out whether risk factors for preterm FGR are different from the preterm non FGR.Methods: It was a retrospective case control study in which a total of 204 subjects (102 cases and 102 controls) were analyzed. Singleton, live as well as still births that occurred between 28+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation were included in this study. FGR was defined as birth weight less than the 10th percentile as per intergrowth 21 charts. Odds ratios for the occurrence of preterm FGR and preterm non-FGR newborns, and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each exposure variable.Results: Logistic regression analysis identified four significant risk factors for preterm FGR; low socioeconomic status (OR=1.9), manual labour (OR=12.9), BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (OR=9.2), passive smoking (OR=2.48). After adjusting these factors in multivariate analysis, underweight (OR=8.37) and manual work (OR=9.99) were found to be independent risk factors for FGR among preterm births.Conclusions: Interventions to promote early attendance to ANC services, reducing poverty, educating to avoid smoking and manual labour may significantly decrease the burden of FGR and preterm birth

Auxiliary Network: Scalable and agile online learning for dynamic system with inconsistently available inputs

Streaming classification methods assume the number of input features is fixed and always received. But in many real-world scenarios, some features are reliable while others are unreliable or inconsistent. We propose a novel online deep learning-based model called Auxiliary Network (Aux-Net), which is scalable and agile and can handle any number of inputs at each time instance. The Aux-Net model is based on the hedging algorithm and online gradient descent. It employs a model of varying depth in an online setting using single pass learning. Aux-Net is a foundational work towards scalable neural network for a dynamic complex environment dealing ad hoc or inconsistent inputs. The efficacy of Aux-Net is shown on the Italy Power Demand dataset