Solar Power Prediction Using Machine Learning

This paper presents a machine learning-based approach for predicting solar power generation with high accuracy using a 99% AUC (Area Under the Curve) metric. The approach includes data collection, pre-processing, feature selection, model selection, training, evaluation, and deployment. High-quality data from multiple sources, including weather data, solar irradiance data, and historical solar power generation data, are collected and pre-processed to remove outliers, handle missing values, and normalize the data. Relevant features such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar irradiance are selected for model training. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting are used as machine learning algorithms to produce accurate predictions. The models are trained on a large dataset of historical solar power generation data and other relevant features. The performance of the models is evaluated using AUC and other metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. The trained machine learning models are then deployed in a production environment, where they can be used to make real-time predictions about solar power generation. The results show that the proposed approach achieves a 99% AUC for solar power generation prediction, which can help energy companies better manage their solar power systems, reduce costs, and improve energy efficiency.Comment: 7 page

First Report on Infection of Argulus quadristriatus (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiura) on Marine Fish Cobia in Brood Stock Pond Culture [2019]

A total of 30 specimens of fish cobia Rachycentron canadum (Total Length = 45–120 cm, Weight = 3.0–25 kg) were stocked at the density of 1 kg/m³ in the polythene lined earthen pond. After 3 months of stocking, fish cobia was found with infection of ectoparasites. Then fishes were sampled at fortnight interval to find the percentage distribution of ectoparasites in different parts of the body for a year and also any pathological symptoms. Identification of the parasite was made through light and electron microscopies. The parasite was identified as Argulus quadristriatus Devaraj and Ameer Hamsa, 1977 (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) commonly called as fish lice. The maximum distribution of pathogenic argulid was observed on the head and operculum of cobia and was found high in summer months from April to June. Pathological symptoms were observed on cobia as erratic swimming, rubbing against substrate in the pond and lesions of epithelial tissues on the infected regions. It must be due to continuous rupturing and feeding of argulids on the skin of cobia using its powerful antennae. Scanning electron micrographs revealed some important morphological features of A. quadristriatus. This is a first report of A. quadristriatus infection on cobia reared in a land-based pond ecosystem

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

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Not AvailableDegradation of ecosystem and depleting fisheries resources together lead to poverty and marginalisation of traditional f ishermen depending on open water bodies. Challenges related to depleting fish wealth of Ashtamudi lake has been reported to affect livelihood of f ishermen using traditional methods of f ishing. A pre-growout culture of Asian seabass was initiated in participation with traditional Chinese dip net f ishermen in order to assess feasibility of seabass culture in low volume net cages in Asthamudi lake, Kollam District, Kerala. Fingerlings of Asian seabass (avg wt., 8 g) produced at fish hatchery, Muttukadu experimental station, CIBA, were transported in oxygen packing (5 nos/5 l) involving a transport duration of 18 h. Hundred numbers of seabass were stocked in a low volume net cage of dimensions, 1.5 x 1.5x 1.5 m and mesh size, 22 mm. Fish were initially fed twice a day @ 20% bodyweight initially approximately on trash f ish obtained from the Chinese dip net owned by the f isherman. Periodic samplings were conducted to assess growth potential and survival of the f ish in the small volume cage model. Size based segregation into 2 groups was done at the end of 60 days and the f ish were stocked into two separate cages of equal volume, cage 1 was stocked with f ish above 70 g (40 numbers) and cage 2 with f ish below 70 g (20 numbers). Small seabass below 15 g were separated. At the end of the 90 day pre-growout culture, the fish attained a f inal average body weight of 182.07±10.94 g, with a specif ic growth rate of 3.38±0.08 % day-1, an avg. weight gain percentage of 2175.8±136.7 and an overall survival of 63 %. The average body weight of cage 1 and 2 were 214.04±8.47 g and 95.75±8.75 g respectively. The results showed the feasibility of carrying out pre-growout culture of seabass in low volume net cages and highlights the prospects of adoption of small scale cage culture of Asian seabass as a livelihood option for augmenting the income of the traditional f isherfolk depending on the open water bodies.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSuccessful aquaculture largely depends on the availability of sufficient quality seed at the required time. Availability of quality seed from natural sources is always erratic and undependable. Moreover collection of wild seed will deplete the natural fishery. Almost all of the cultivable brackishwater finfishes do not breed in captivity even though they attain gonadal maturity. Hence it has become necessary to go for induced breeding either by reproductive hormonal or environmental manipulation. Artificial spawning was first achieved in Italy during 1930 in striped mullet. Use of hormones to induce fish to spawn was started in Brazil in 1932. Compared to the advancement made in the breeding and seed production of freshwater fishes, the technology development in brackishwater fishes especially in India is far behind and this is to some extent are due to the non-availability of facilities for the development of captive broodstock and lack of expertise.Not Availabl

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ISSN 2347-954X (Print) Ossification of Distal end of Radius & Base of Fist Metacarpal in Forensic Age Estimation in the Kerala Population

Abstract: 88 Wrist X-Rays of children from Kerala, Mahe and Lakshadweep aged 5.5 years of less were analyzed in this study to glean data of ossification of distal end of radius and the base of first metacarpal. The data could be useful in forensic age determination in the practical setting

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Not AvailableA total of 30 specimens of fish cobia Rachycentron canadum (Total Length = 45–120 cm, Weight = 3.0–25 kg) were stocked at the density of 1 kg/m3 in the polythene lined earthen pond. After 3 months of stocking, fish cobia was found with infection of ectoparasites. Then fishes were sampled at fortnight interval to find the percentage distribution of ectoparasites in different parts of the body for a year and also any pathological symptoms. Identification of the parasite was made through light and electron microscopies. The parasite was identified as Argulus quadristriatus Devaraj and Ameer Hamsa, 1977 (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) commonly called as fish lice. The maximum distribution of pathogenic argulid was observed on the head and operculum of cobia and was found high in summer months from April to June. Pathological symptoms were observed on cobia as erratic swimming, rubbing against substrate in the pond and lesions of epithelial tissues on the infected regions. It must be due to continuous rupturing and feeding of argulids on the skin of cobia using its powerful antennae. Scanning electron micrographs revealed some important morphological features of A. quadristriatus. This is a first report of A. quadristriatus infection on cobia reared in a land-based pond ecosystem.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAny sustainable aquaculture system should have low environmental impact, and high social and economic acceptability. To address these issues in brackishwater aquaculture, performance of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) models with three different species combinations (T1, T2 and T3) was compared with conventional polyculture (C) in low-saline ponds (500 m2) in triplicate. In a 150-day field trial, ponds under T1, T2, T3 and C were stocked with Mugil cephalus, Liza tade and Peneaus monodon at 2000, 10000 and 30000 no. ha−1, respectively as fed-species. In addition, T1 and T3 contained water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica at 200 kg ha−1, and T2 and T3 contained oyster, Crassostrea cuttackensis at 2000 no. ha−1 as extractive species. Experimental animals were fed with a low cost pellet feed (Crude protein 31%). The inorganic nutrient parameters (nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds) of water improved in all three IMTA treatment ponds in comparison to C. On the final day, dissolved organic carbon content was significantly the lowest (P  0.05) higher in T3 compared to that of T1, T2 and C. However, growth of tiger shrimp, P. monodon was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T3 (22.17 ± 1.29 g). Pooled survival of fishes and shrimp was similar among treatments, whereas total production was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T3 (1695.7 kg ha−1), followed by that in T1 (1211.9 kg ha−1), T2 (894.2 kg ha−1) and C (505.4 kg ha−1). Overall, whole body composition of fishes and shrimp at harvest revealed that crude protein and lipid contents were marginally at higher levels in IMTA treatments compared to that of C. There were 3.48 and 1.6-fold increases in net return and benefit-cost ratio, respectively in T3 than that in C. Therefore, this IMTA model (T3) proved to be productive, and economically viable with environmental bio-remediation effect.Not Availabl