1,061 research outputs found
Stimulated Raman scattering of water maser lines in astrophysical plasmas
Radiative transfer equations are derived and solved for the stimulated Raman
scattering of water maser lines in the astrophysical plasmas with electron
density of about 10^6 - 10^7 cm-3. In stimulated Raman scattering, the energy
of water maser line is transferred to the side band modes: Stokes mode and
anti-Stokes mode. The Stokes mode is easily produced by backward Raman
scattering while the anti-Stokes mode is created by the interacting
intersecting masers in the plasma. The intensity of the Stokes mode is higher
than that of the anti-Stokes mode. These side band modes are proposed as
explanation for the extreme velocity features observed in the galaxy NGC 4258.
The threshold value of the brightness temperature for the Raman scattering is
about 10^16 - 10^19 K, and it is satisfied in the case of NGC 4258.Comment: 12 pages, 4 Postscript figures. Accepted for Physics of Plasma
Relationship between Horizontal Flow Velocity and Cell Lifetime for Supergranulation
A study of 50 supergranular cells obtained from SOHO Dopplergrams was
undertaken in order to investigate the relationship between the lifetime ()
and the horizontal flow velocity () of the cells. For this sample we find
that the two parameters are correlated with a relation and
is identified with the eddy turn-over time. This is in agreement with the
turbulent convective model of the solar atmosphere where the velocity spectrum
of supergranular field given by '' can be identified with
the Kolmogorov spectrum for the eddy size .Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004,
Nice (France
Viscoelastic shear banding in foam
Shear banding is an important feature of flow in complex fluids. Essentially,
shear bands refer to the coexistence of flowing and non-flowing regions in
driven material. Understanding the possible sources of shear banding has
important implications for a wide range of flow applications. In this regard,
quasi-two dimensional flow offers a unique opportunity to study competing
factors that result in shear bands. One proposal is the competition between
intrinsic dissipation and an external source of dissipation. In this paper, we
report on the experimental observation of the transition between different
classes of shear-bands that have been predicted to exist in cylindrical
geometry as the result of this competition [R. J. Clancy, E. Janiaud, D.
Weaire, and S. Hutzlet, Eur. J. Phys. E, {\bf 21}, 123 (2006)]
Impact of boundaries on velocity profiles in bubble rafts
Under conditions of sufficiently slow flow, foams, colloids, granular matter,
and various pastes have been observed to exhibit shear localization, i.e.
regions of flow coexisting with regions of solid-like behavior. The details of
such shear localization can vary depending on the system being studied. A
number of the systems of interest are confined so as to be quasi-two
dimensional, and an important issue in these systems is the role of the
confining boundaries. For foams, three basic systems have been studied with
very different boundary conditions: Hele-Shaw cells (bubbles confined between
two solid plates); bubble rafts (a single layer of bubbles freely floating on a
surface of water); and confined bubble rafts (bubbles confined between the
surface of water below and a glass plate on top). Often, it is assumed that the
impact of the boundaries is not significant in the ``quasi-static limit'', i.e.
when externally imposed rates of strain are sufficiently smaller than internal
kinematic relaxation times. In this paper, we directly test this assumption for
rates of strain ranging from to . This
corresponds to the quoted quasi-static limit in a number of previous
experiments. It is found that the top plate dramatically alters both the
velocity profile and the distribution of nonlinear rearrangements, even at
these slow rates of strain.Comment: New figures added, revised version accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev.
Translating expert system rules into Ada code with validation and verification
The purpose of this ongoing research and development program is to develop software tools which enable the rapid development, upgrading, and maintenance of embedded real-time artificial intelligence systems. The goals of this phase of the research were to investigate the feasibility of developing software tools which automatically translate expert system rules into Ada code and develop methods for performing validation and verification testing of the resultant expert system. A prototype system was demonstrated which automatically translated rules from an Air Force expert system was demonstrated which detected errors in the execution of the resultant system. The method and prototype tools for converting AI representations into Ada code by converting the rules into Ada code modules and then linking them with an Activation Framework based run-time environment to form an executable load module are discussed. This method is based upon the use of Evidence Flow Graphs which are a data flow representation for intelligent systems. The development of prototype test generation and evaluation software which was used to test the resultant code is discussed. This testing was performed automatically using Monte-Carlo techniques based upon a constraint based description of the required performance for the system
Limits of the equivalence of time and ensemble averages in shear flows
In equilibrium systems, time and ensemble averages of physical quantities are
equivalent due to ergodic exploration of phase space. In driven systems, it is
unknown if a similar equivalence of time and ensemble averages exists. We
explore effective limits of such convergence in a sheared bubble raft using
averages of the bubble velocities. In independent experiments, averaging over
time leads to well converged velocity profiles. However, the time-averages from
independent experiments result in distinct velocity averages. Ensemble averages
are approximated by randomly selecting bubble velocities from independent
experiments. Increasingly better approximations of ensemble averages converge
toward a unique velocity profile. Therefore, the experiments establish that in
practical realizations of non-equilibrium systems, temporal averaging and
ensemble averaging can yield convergent (stationary) but distinct
distributions.Comment: accepted to PRL - final figure revision
Genetic variation and heritability estimation in Jatropha curcas L. progenies for seed yield and vegetative traits
In this study, experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils poor in organic carbon and water holding capacity in southern Haryana, India to determine the best progenies of Jatropha curcas for bio-diesel production. Fifty progenies raised from seed sources collected from nine states of India were evaluated after five years of plantation for growth, seed and oil content traits. The progenies showed significant (P> 0.05) differences for all the traits studied. Maximum seed yield/plant (879.37 g), number of capsules/plant (522.67) and plant height (408.33 cm) was recorded in P-44. Maximum oil content observed in P-37 (36.08%) followed by P-5 (35.64%). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Heritability was highest for oil content (95.49%) and 100-seed weight (87.75%) followed by seed yield (75.54%). Total capsules/plant exhibited highest genetic advance (92.69%) followed by number of branches per plant (64.32%). Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis of all 50 progenies using D2 statistics was done where the D2 analysis grouped the progenies into five clusters. The intra cluster distances ranged from 1.33 to 2.72. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (6.43) followed by I and V indicating greater divergence among progenies belonging to these clusters and an attempt to cross the progenies in these clusters should bring out desirable gene combinations. These progenies showed considerable potential which can be tapped for planting and selecting the improved varieties
Ontology–based Representation of Simulation Models
Ontologies have been used in a variety of domains for multiple purposes such as establishing common terminology, organizing domain knowledge and describing domain in a machine-readable form. Moreover, ontologies are the foundation of the Semantic Web and often semantic integration is achieved using ontology. Even though simulation demonstrates a number of similar characteristics to Semantic Web or semantic integration, including heterogeneity in the simulation domain, representation and semantics, the application of ontology in the simulation domain is still in its infancy. This paper proposes an ontology-based representation of simulation models. The goal of this research is to facilitate comparison among simulation models, querying, making inferences and reuse of existing simulation models. Specifically, such models represented in the domain simulation engine environment serve as an information source for their representation as instances of an ontology. Therefore, the ontology-based representation is created from existing simulation models in their proprietary file formats, consequently eliminating the need to perform the simulation modeling directly in the ontology. The proposed approach is evaluated on a case study involving the I2Sim interdependency simulator
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