Eesti muuseumide meditsiinilooliste kogude ja esemete väljaselgitamine

Mapping of the Collections of History of Medicinein Estonian MuseumsLeili Kriis, Sirje SisaskUniversity of Tartu MuseumThe work plan of the University of Tartu Museum for the followingyears includes creating a new exposition for the university’s Old AnatomicalTheatre. This made us wonder, what kinds of collections ofhistory of medicine are there in other Estonian museums. A greatopportunity to obtain information opened up with the Ministry ofCulture’s support programme for developing museums that we participatedin with our project “Mapping of the Collections of History ofMedicine in Estonian Museums” from 17 April to 31 December 2013.To obtain data, we designed a questionnaire for the chief treasurersof the museums. Based on the answers we received, the followingoverview was compiled.At the time we conducted the survey, more than half of the materialsof history of medicine in the museum collections had beenentered also into the Estonian Museum Information System MuIS.Keywords related to the topic of medicine have been used. Most ofthe corresponding materials in Estonian museums are connected topharmacies (material objects as well as photographs and archive materials),and furnishings of dental practices (Pärnu Museum, VõruCounty Museum, etc.). Regional museums also contain objects of veterinarymedicine. There are rare items of history of medicine suchas an inoculation knife, cupping lancets, bloodletting devices, a bonesaw, an irritation instrument, healing stones, a homoeopathic pharmacy,and many more. The most noteworthy archive materials areprobably the inoculation materials, mud treatment materials (materialsand manuscripts of Dr Hunnius from Haapsalu, mud treatmenthistory of Saaremaa), and manuscripts by medics (historical overviews).Topics like doping (the Estonian Sports Museum), designingmedical institutions (hospitals, sanatoriums, etc.) (Museum of EstonianArchitecture, Museum of Viljandi), diseases and stress, and howthese are reflected in a person’s creative work (Estonian Theatre andMusic Museum) have also been documented. Most valuable are thestories found in the collections of county museums that tell of medicalinstitutions (hospitals, pharmacies, sanatoriums, leprosariums, etc.)that have operated or are operating in the region and reflect the specificcharacter of the region, as well as the materials of well-known localmedics. Also materials related to alternative and folk medicine. Allthis enriches the general picture of the Estonian history of medicine.Our working group reached the conclusion that the contents ofthe MuIS dictionary should be structured in a better manner andsupplemented with topics that are reflected in specific museum collections(alternative medicine, nutrition, environment, etc.). Imagesof museum objects are also important data carriers in the database.Rare historical documents deserve to be digitised as soon as possiblesince they tend to become fragile with time. Regional museumsshould also find room for materials related to the history and doctorsof local medical institutions

Dobby-telgede ja vedulauaga kangastelgede kasutuselevõtt Eestis 19. saj. lõpus ja 20. saj. alguses

Magistritöös on uuritud uuendustega kangastelgede kasutuselevõttu Eestis, selgitades välja, millal see algas ja kust saadi eeskujusid. Uuenduste all mõeldakse puidust, papist või metallist mustrikaartide või kettidega “programmeeritavaid” kangastelgesid ja vedulauaga kangastelje lahendusi.Autor peab oluliseks tähelepanu juhtimist uuendustega kangastelgede olemasolule Eestis. Vedulaua,dobby-süsteemi ja žakardseadme kasutamine käsitsi kudumisel on tänapäeva digimaailmas kaduv kunst, kuigi augustatud mustrikaart oli perfokaartidega programmeeritava arvuti eelkäijaks.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5504399*es

Tuulekaera (Avena Fatua) bioloogia, ökoloogia, levik ja probleemid

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5465193*es

Meenutades Tullio Ilometsa: Remembering Tullio Ilomets

Tullio Ilomets (13 July 1921 in Paide – 22 August 2018 in Tartu), anassociate professor of organic chemistry at the University of Tartu,was one of the authors of the idea of establishing the University ofTartu Museum and its lifelong supporter. As an active member of theheritage protection movement, he frequently spoke about questionsregarding the preservation of the University’s cultural heritage andthe protection of the old university.The author of this article, the chief curator of the University ofTartu museum in the years 1979–2015, developed a very good collaboration with Tullio Ilomets on the collection and preservation of theheritage objects of the university over the decades.Tullio Ilomets worked at the university for over 65 years. His final(and very fruitful) years were spent working as a consultant to themuseum in its Toome Hill building. Despite his advanced age, he wrote his most interesting overviews on the history of science in theseyears, based on the museum’s collections, on topics such as laboratoryglass, historic scales, the photographic collection of the University’sphotographer Kald, etc.Tullio Ilomets’ extensive activities in the area of heritage protection received attention and awards: the Order of the White Star,Third Class was bestowed on him in 2001. He was an honorary citizen of Tartu and recipient of the Tartu Suurtäht decoration (2001).The writer of this article has also attempted to reflect on TullioIlomets as a person, his friendly, humorous, but very purposeful andresilient personality

Physiology Professor Alfred Fleisch (1892–1973) and His Legacy at the University of Tartu

Alfred Fleisch’s period as Professor of Physiology and Chemistry at the University of Tartu (1926–1932) was highlighted by outstanding achievements—here he constructed various original devices for studying respiration and blood circulation, published his research results in specialised key magazines together with his Estonian assistant and wrote concise literature reviews for the world’s most authoritative manuals. Fleisch’s research legacy had an important influence on the directions of post-World War II physiological research at the University of Tartu. World War II shaped the history of continents and the fate of many researchers but did not sever the connection between generations of scholars, as the example of Fleisch’s research legacy demonstrates. The University of Tartu Museum’s collection includes both a device constructed by Fleisch as well as locally made modifications based on his instruments that were constructed later. Both the objects and archive material found in the museum collection allow us to study the less examined aspects of this topic more thoroughly

Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo muuseumi kogude täiendamispõhimõtetest — tagasivaatavalt tulevikku

On the underlying principles of supplementing the collections of the History Museum of the University of Tartu: a future retrospect Leili Kriis, MA, Chief Treasurer of the History Museum of the University of Tartu   The History Museum was created at the University of Tartu in 1976 with the aim of recording the history of the university in particular and of science in general. The museum statutes changed but its goals remained basically the same. From the outset the museum has been responsible for the safekeeping of the old items submitted to it – and for keeping an eye on the old items still used by the university. The elaborated plan with principles of collection was compiled in 1998. It was expanded in 2004 when the museums of nature, art and history of the University of Tartu were merged and each museum had to work on their autonomous collection policies. The sphere covered by the collecting work of the History Museum has essentially remained the same because while collecting things connected with the university the museum has also been collecting items pertaining to the Estonian (and, selectively, global) history of education and science. It is natural for the principles of supplementation of museum collections to be changing and evolving in accordance with overall developments at the University of Tartu and in universities worldwide. When the new collection principles plan for 2012 was being compiled, the focal issue was how the collections of the museum were special and different from other similar domestic and foreign collections. The collections of the History Museum of the University of Tartu are indeed unique in the context of Estonian memory institutions because it is the oldest (and, in the 17th and 19th centuries, the sole) university in the region. Our collections have distinctive features in the global context of university museum collections, too. This museum has the oldest, most extensive and unique collection of scientific equipment in Estonia. Of international interest are the collections dedicated to education and science and containing items of both local and foreign origin. The main emphasis for museum collection supplementation over the next few decades must be on gathering and documenting modern subject matter (or that from the recent past). These are the priorities: collecting of locally made (University of Tartu, City of Tartu and Estonia) scientific instruments and important scientific research results in the form of material, documentary or digital information; remarkable people with connections to the university (scientists, lecturers, students and alumni) and materials reflecting on their creative and other activities; recording of changes in the daily functioning of the university (anniversaries, events, renovations of historically valuable buildings etc.); and the history of education and science (in Estonia and globally) in the context of the University of Tartu. All personal archives are still to be submitted to the university library while the archives of digital photographs and videos are to evolve as part of the multimedia department. Among the planned activities for museum collection supplementation are the invariably vital tasks of preserving cultural heritage and facilitating historical research. In our collecting work we must take into account the stipulated preservation conditions (also applicable to digital materials) and the resources available for thorough processing of the collections and their public display (via databases, exhibitions, publications and otherwise). The collecting work is and will remain a creative activity, even within the framework of the set supplementation principles, and necessitates assessment of the value of the potential museum items and making of choices