Observing silicic magma transport in dykes at depths of 8-19km: Evidences from crustal xenoliths and numerical modelling

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Within the context of magma transport processes in a dyke, this paper integrates petrography and thermodynamic modelling together with fluid dynamics to model the melting of the wall rock in three magma dykes at crustal depths from 8 to 19. km. Using this combination we explore the interaction between thermal and mechanical processes during silicic magma ascent, and the implications for the relative abundance of different crustal xenoliths erupted at the surface. We utilize a two-dimensional thermal model of dacitic magma injection and flow in dykes of different thickness, lengths and depths and associated partial melting of the wall rock, and compare the results with field examples from the Neogene Volcanic Province, SE Spain.The modelling results open the possibility to relate the range of observed xenoliths information (microstructures, size, distribution at the surface, P-T evolution) to their position in a transient thermal regime in the wall-rock of a magma conduit, and to the time spent immersed in magma. In addition, the effects of the modelled stress in the wall rock during magma ascent by the presence or absence of planar features in the xenoliths reveal that the stress patterns are independent of the dyke length and thickness.This research was partly supported by MINECO (Spanish Government), by the Grant MTM2012-37642 including RDEF funds, the grants PEII-2014-006-A and GI20152914, and a grant to A.A-V under the SYNTHESYS Project (NL-TAF-2162), which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under FP7 at NCB Naturalis of Leiden. Constructive and in-depth revisions by Agust Gudmundsson and Masao Ban greatly helped to improve this paper. A-V also thanks the assistance of the Ramón y Cajal research program (RYC-2011-07584). A.G. is grateful for her Juan de la Cierva post-doctoral grant (JCI-2010-06092) and her Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2012-11024).Peer Reviewe

Best and worst fits to the individual time-courses of plasma lidocaine concentration in dogs.

<p>Predicted plasma lidocaine concentrations were generated by the refined alternative model (i.e. Model C, with two time-constrained, asynchronous zero-order drug absorption rates per system). (A) Best fit: Dog B, plain lidocaine data. (B) Worst fit: Dog E, plain lidocaine data. (C) Best fit: Dog B, adrenalinated lidocaine data. (D) Worst fit: Dog E, adrenalinated lidocaine data. Cp, plasma drug concentration.</p

Do disease specific characteristics add to the explanation of mobility limitations in patients with different chronic diseases? A study in The Netherlands.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether disease specific characteristics, reflecting clinical disease severity, add to the explanation of mobility limitations in patients with specific chronic diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross sectional study of survey data from community dwelling elderly people, aged 55-85 years, in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The additional explanation of mobility limitations by disease specific characteristics was examined by logistic regression analyses on data from 2830 community dwelling elderly people. MAIN RESULTS: In the total sample, chronic non-specific lung disease, cardiac disease, peripheral atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, stroke, arthritis and cancer (the index diseases), were all independently associated with mobility limitations. Adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and medical treatment disease specific characteristics that explain the association between disease and mobility mostly reflect decreased endurance capacity (shortness of breath and disturbed night rest in chronic non-specific lung disease, angina pectoris and congestive heart failure in cardiac disease), or are directly related to mobility function (stiffness and lower body complaints in arthritis). For atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, disease specific characteristics did not add to the explanation of mobility limitations. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence that, to obtain more detailed information about the differential impact of chronic diseases on mobility, disease specific characteristics are important to take into account

The CM carbonaceous chondrite regolith Diepenveen.

A carbonaceous chondrite was recovered immediately after the fall near the village of Diepenveen in the Netherlands on October 27, 1873, but came to light only in 2012. Analysis of sodium and poly-aromatic hydrocarbon content suggests little contamination from handling. Diepenveen is a regolith breccia with an overall petrology consistent with a CM classification. Unlike most other CM chondrites, the bulk oxygen isotopes are extremely O-16 rich, apparently dominated by the signature of anhydrous minerals, distributed on a steep slope pointing to the domain of intrinsic CM water. A small subset plots closer to the normal CM regime, on a parallel line 2 parts per thousand lower in delta O-17. Different lithologies in Diepenveen experienced varying levels of aqueous alteration processing, being less aqueously altered at places rather than more heated. The presence of an agglutinate grain and the properties of methanol-soluble organic compounds point to active impact processing of some of the clasts. Diepenveen belongs to a CM clan with similar to 5Ma CRE age, longer than most other CM chondrites, and has a relatively young K-Ar resetting age of similar to 1.5Ga. As a CM chondrite, Diepenveen may be representative of samples soon to be returned from the surface of asteroid (162173) Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft