Oxidized HDL lipids and the risk for atherosclerosis : The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disorder caused by the accumulation of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery wall leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Oxidation of lipoproteins may play a role in its etiogenesis. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) may protect against CVD through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and vasoprotective effects, and it may have a role in reverse cholesterol transport. Reverse transport of oxidized lipids by HDL is suggested to be an important mechanism explaining the atheroprotective mechanisms of HDL. Aims: To study the associations of oxidized HDL lipids (oxHDLlipids) with the risk factors for atherosclerosis including serum fatty acids, developing fatty liver disease and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Subjects and Methods: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is an ongoing population-based multicenter follow-up study in Finland. The 21-year follow-up was conducted in 2001 with a total of 2,283 participants. Analysis of oxidized lipoprotein lipids was performed from samples collected in 2001 and was based on the determination of conjugated dienes. Results: OxHDLlipids were directly associated with oxidized LDL lipids (oxLDLlipids) and inversely with age. In women, higher oxHDLlipid levels were associated with a lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportion and a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion. The risk of future fatty liver disease was associated with lower oxHDLlipid levels. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and PON1 activity were not associated with oxHDLlipids. Conclusion: An elevated cardiovascular risk profile is associated with lower oxHDLlipid levels in a population of young Finnish men and women.Hapettuneet HDL:n lipidit ja ateroskleroosiriski. Tausta: Ateroskleroosi eli valtimonkovettumatauti on krooninen etenävä tila, mikä voi johtaa sydän- ja verisuonitauteihin haitallisten lipoproteiinien kerääntyessä valtimon seinämään. Sen on osoitettu olevan yhteydessä useisiin eri riskitekijöihin. Hapettunut LDL on yhteydessä valtimonkovettumataudin kehittymiseen. HDL:n epäillään suojaavan sydän- ja verisuonitaudeilta. Tällä hetkellä on kuitenkin epäselvää, mitkä ovat tärkeimpiä HDL:n sydän- ja verisuonitaudeilta suojaavia ominaisuuksia. Merkittäviä itsenäisiä tekijöitä, jotka voivat selittää HDL:n sydän- ja verisuonitaudeilta suojaavia ominaisuuksia ovat HDL:n kyky ottaa vastaan hapettuneita lipideitä LDL:lta ja kyky kuljettaa hapettuneita lipideitä verenkierrossa kohti maksaa eliminoitavaksi. Tavoite: Väitöskirjatutkimukseni tavoitteena on selvittää HDL:n sisältämien hapettuneiden lipidien yhteyksiä tunnettujen valtimonkovettumataudin riskitekijöiden kanssa. Tutkittuja riskitekijöitä ovat mm. seerumin rasvahappopitoisuudet, kehittyvä rasvamaksa sekä PON1-aktiivisuus. Menetelmät: Tutkimusaineistoni perustuu Lasten Sepelvaltimotaudin Riskitekijät (LASERI) –tutkimukseen. Vuonna 2001 seurantatutkimukseen osallistui 2283 henkilöä. Hapettuneiden lipoproteiinien lipidien määritys perustuu lipoproteiinien lipideistä eristettyjen dieeni konjugaattien määritykseen. Näytteet on otettu vuonna 2001. Tulokset: Hapettuneet HDL:n lipidit olivat suoraan yhteydessä hapettuneiden LDL:n lipidien pitoisuuteen ja käänteisesti yhteydessä ikään. Korkeammat hapettuneiden HDL:n lipidien pitoisuudet olivat naisilla yhteydessä matalampaan monityydyttymättömien rasvahappojen osuuteen ja korkeampaan kertatyydyttyneiden rasvahappojen osuuteen. Tulevaisuudessa kehittyvän rasvamaksan riski oli yhteydessä matalampiin hapettuneiden HDL:n lipidien pitoisuuksiin. Hapettuneet HDL:n lipidit eivät olleet yhteydessä IMT -arvoon eivätkä PON1-pitoisuuksiin. Johtopäätökset: Nuorilla suomalaisilla miehillä ja naisilla suurempi sydänsairauksien riskitekijöiden määrä on yhteydessä matalampiin hapettuneiden HDL:n lipidien pitoisuuksiin.Siirretty Doriast

Mechanical activation influence on the morphological properties of La[2]O[3]-TiO[2]-B

The influence of mechanical activation of the powder mixture used to obtain the high-perfomance cathode for accelerating engineering with the SHS-method has been explored. The mechanically processed mixtures have been morphologically analyzed. The optimal modes of mechanical activation have been determined for the mixture

The associations of oxidized lipoprotein lipids with lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and their lipid compositions. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

ObjectiveOxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may promote atherosclerosis, whereas the reverse transport of oxidized lipids by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may contribute to atheroprotection. To provide insights into the associations of lipoprotein lipid oxidation markers with lipoprotein subclasses at the population level, we investigated the associations of oxidized HDL lipids (oxHDLlipids) and oxidized LDL lipids (oxLDLlipids) with lipoprotein subclasses in a population-based cross-sectional study of 1395 Finnish adults ages 24–39 years.MethodsThe analysis of oxidized lipids was based on the determination of the baseline level of conjugated dienes in lipoprotein lipids. A high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform was used to quantify circulating lipoprotein subclass concentrations and analyze their lipid compositions.ResultsOxHDLlipids were mainly not associated with lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and lipid composition after adjustment for Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), waist circumference and age. OxLDLlipids were associated with several markers of lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition after adjustment for Apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), age and waist circumference. Several measures of HDL and LDL subclasses, including phospholipid and triglyceride composition, associated directly with oxLDLlipids. Cholesterol ester and free cholesterol composition in HDL and LDL associated inversely with oxLDLlipids.ConclusionWe conclude that these results do not support the idea that HDL's particle size or composition would reflect its functional capacity in the reverse transport of oxidized lipids. On the contrary, oxLDLlipids were associated with the entire lipoprotein subclass profile, including numerous associations with the compositional descriptors of the particles. This is in line with the suggested role of LDL oxidation in atherogenesis.</p

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТОЧНОЙ ШТАМПОВКИ И ХОЛОДНОГО ВАЛЬЦЕВАНИЯ ПЕРА РАБОЧИХ ЛОПАТОК КОМПРЕССОРА ИЗ ЖАРОПРОЧНЫХ СПЛАВОВ НА КАЧЕСТВО ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

The principal causes of occurrence of superficial defects on compressor working vanes, made from the heat resisting alloys and produced by precise punching and cold rolling of a blade are defined in this work, and ways of their elimination are offered. В работе определены основные причины возникновения поверхностных дефектов на рабочих лопатках компрессора из жаропрочных сплавов, изготовляемых точной штамповкой и холодным вальцеванием пера, и предложены пути их устранения

ВЛИЯНИЕ ХОЛОДНОГО ДЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖАРОПРОЧНОГО СПЛАВА НА ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ЛОПАТОК КОМПРЕССОРА ГТД

This paper determines the effect of heat-resistant alloy cold deformation (rolling) and heat treatment conditions on stress-rupture and fatigue properties of gas-turbine drive compressor rotor blades.  В работе установлено влияние режимов холодного деформирования (вальцевания) и термической обработки жаропрочного сплава на длительную прочность и сопротивление усталости рабочих лопаток компрессора ГТД.  

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ТОЧНОСТИ И КАЧЕСТВА ГОРЯЧЕШТАМПОВАННЫХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ГТД

Improvement of accuracy and quality of gas-turbine engine part blanks manufactured by hot stamping method. Повышение точности и качества заготовок деталей ГТД, получаемых горячей штам­повкой.

Intergenerational incest aversion: self-reported sexual arousal and disgust to hypothetical sexual contact with family members

The biological costs of inbreeding are expected to have shaped human incest aversion. These costs depend on biological sex, relatedness, and age. Whereas previous studies have focused on investigating how these factors modulate incest aversion in siblings and cousins—family members of the same generation— we examined relatives of different generations. In a population-based sample, 2499 respondents reported reactions to imagined sexual behaviors with either a biological child or parent, a niece/nephew or aunt/uncle, or a stepchild or stepparent; these responses were compared to reactions to imagined sexual behaviors involving a friend's child or parent. Replicating prior results, women report stronger incest aversions than do men. We extend previous findings by showing that incest aversions tended to be stronger between close (vs. more distant) intergenerational relatives. Indeed, for biological relatives, decreased degree of relatedness was associated with decreased incest aversion, and for biological relatives, the certainty in relatedness was also positively associated with incest aversion. As expected, age modulated sexual aversion for unrelated, but not related, target individuals. Sexual aversions towards step-relatives did not differ from sexual aversions to biological relatives

Intergenerational Incest Aversion

The biological costs of inbreeding are expected to have shaped human incest aversion. These costs depend on biological sex, relatedness, and age. Whereas previous studies have focused on investigating how these factors modulate incest aversion in siblings and cousins—family members of the same generation—here we examined relatives of different generations. In a population-based sample, 2,499 respondents reported reactions to imagined sexual behaviors with either a biological child or parent, a niece/nephew or aunt/uncle, or a stepchild or stepparent; these responses were compared to reactions to imagined sexual behaviors involving a friend’s child or parent. Replicating prior results, women report stronger incest aversions than do men. We extend previous findings by showing that incest aversions tended to be stronger between close (vs. more distant) intergenerational relatives. Indeed, for biological relatives, decreased degree of relatedness was associated with decreased incest aversion, and for biological relatives, the certainty in relatedness was also positively associated with incest aversion. As expected, age modulated sexual aversion for unrelated, but not related, target individuals. Sexual aversions toward step-relatives did not differ from sexual aversions to biological relatives