WP2 presentation workshop - Riga 2017

WP2 presentation workshop - Riga 201

WP2 presentation workshop - Rostock 2016

WP 2 presentation workshop - Rostock 201

WP2-presentation-workshop-Sweden-2018

WP2-presentation-workshop-Sweden-201

MOŻLIWOŚCI ODCHWASZCZANIA ZBÓŻ JARYCH Z ZASTOSOWANIEM MAŁYCH DAWEK HERBICYDÓW W POLSCE

Optimized application of the preparations aims at the utilization of the current state of knowledge, extension services and technical potential of sprayers in order to apply herbicides in the amounts required to achieve a specific objective, at the same time not exceeding the recommended dose of the preparation. The choice of a herbicide for a given level of weed infestation and development phases of weeds is a key element in weed control strategy. Weed control in spring cereals in Poland is based on the use of foliar applications. In studies on spring cereals the application of herbicides in the split dose system, using preparations designed for early weed growth stages, made it possible to obtain high effectiveness of weed control.Optymalizacja stosowania preparatów ma na celu wykorzystanie stanu aktualnej wiedzy, doradztwa oraz technicznych możliwości opryskiwaczy, w celu aplikacji środków ochrony roślin w ilości niezbędnej do uzyskania określonego celu, nie przekraczając zalecanej dawki preparatu. Dobór herbicydu do występującego zachwaszczenia oraz faz rozwoju chwastów jest kluczowym elementem w strategii odchwaszczania. W Polsce zwalczanie chwastów w zbożach jarych oparte jest na stosowaniu nalistnych zabiegów. W badaniach w zbożach jarych aplikacja herbicydów w systemie dawek dzielonych, stosując preparaty na wczesne fazy wzrostu chwastów, umożliwia uzyskanie wysokiej efektywność odchwaszczania uprawy zbóż jarych

A vaccine for Beethoven's vulnerable liver

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Prawa człowieka w Biblii

Religious truths are intertwined with certain historic events, expressed on these occasions or through these events. Also, all laws, rights, customs and institutions described in the Bible bear the mark of the epoch, in which they functioned or were created, but they were gradually improved and acquired theologically appropriate meanings as the Revelation developed. The paper is devoted to the problem of human rights in the Bible, which is analyzed considering the following aspects. First, the author presents a synthetic analysis of human rights contained in different national and international documents on human rights such as “Human rights conventions” and “Declarations of human rights”. (1) Then, the author presents theological interpretation of human rights contained in the Book of Genesis in the descriptions of the creation of man, which constitute the foundation of rights of man described in other books of the Bible.(2) Finally, rights of man in other selected books of the Bible are analyzed.(3) The author is of the opinion that the review and the analysis of human rights contained in different documents such as “Human rights conventions” and in the Bible will allow to perceive and recognize the specificity and uniqueness of rights of man in the Bible

Podbój Kanaanu w świetle Księgi Jozuego. Historia i wiara

Jozue w Biblii przedstawiany jest jako „drugi” Mojżesz. W zamyśle autora biblijnego postać i dzieło Jozuego są przedstawiane na wzór Mojżesza: Jozue ma doprowadzić do końca dzieło Mojżesza, a więc zdobyć Izraela Ziemię Obiecaną. Wykonanie tego bożego nakazu ukazuje pierwsza część Księgi Jozuego (1,1-12,24): począwszy od Jerycha, Jozue zdobywa dla Izraela kolejne miasta i tereny Ziemi Obiecanej. Właśnie ta część Księgi Jozuego jest przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu. Opisy zdobywania poszczególnych miast i obszarów Kanaanu noszą znamiona tekstów historycznych; wyszczególnione są nazwy, liczby, przebieg operacji wojskowych oraz ich efekty. Tymczasem badania archeologiczne nie potwierdzają relacji ksiąg biblijnych o błyskawicznym podboju Kanaanu przez Izraelitów w XIII w., większość badaczy i egzegetów odrzuca dosłowne interpretacje biblijnych tekstów o podboju Kanaanu, ponieważ – jak uważają – opowieści te powstały dużo później niż same wydarzenia przez te opowieści opisywane. Jak interpretować tę niezgodność opisów biblijnych z opiniami badaczy opartych na wynikach badań archeologicznych i analizach egzegetycznych? Aby odpowiedzieć na te pytania autor artykułu dokonuje najpierw analizy głównych kampanii wojennych Jozuego (I), a następnie podejmuje próbę ich interpretacji w świetle danych archeologicznych (II)

A frequent variant in the human bile salt export pump gene ABCB11 is associated with hepatitis C virus infection, but not liver stiffness in a German population

Background: The human ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 11 (ABCB11) gene encodes the bile salt export pump, which is exclusively expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. A frequent variant in the coding region, c.1331 T > C, leading to the amino acid exchange p.V444A, has been associated with altered serum bile salt levels in healthy individuals and predisposes homozygous carriers of the [C] allele for obstetric cholestasis. Recently, elevated bile salt levels were shown to be significantly associated with rates and risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with pegylated interferon-alpha2 and ribavirin, suggesting a potential role for bile salt levels in HCV treatment outcomes and in the fibrogenic evolution of HCV-related liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association of ABCB11 c.1331 T > C with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and fibrosis stages as assessed by non-invasive transient elastography in a German cohort of patients. Methods: ABCB11 c.1331 T > C genotype was determined by allelic discrimination assay in 649 HCV infected cases and 413 controls. Overall, 444 cases were staged for fibrotic progression by measurement of liver stiffness. Results: Homo- or heterozygous presence of the frequent [C] allele was associated with HCV positivity (OR = 1.41, CI = 1.02 - 1.95, p = 0.037). No association was detectable between the ABCB11 c.1331 T > C genotype and increased liver stiffness. Conclusions: Our data confirm that homozygous presence of the major [C] allele of ABCB11 c.1331 T > C is a genetic susceptibility factor for HCV infection, but not for liver fibrosis

PRODIVA WP2. Crop mixtures for weed suppression. Annual Report 2016

The aim of WP2 is to assess the weed suppressive ability of crop mixtures as a function of species and densities, using a functional approach. During 2016, field experiments and controlled experiments with mixtures of barley and pea were conducted in Sweden and Poland. The performance of crop mixtures was compared to the performance of pure crops with regard to their ability to suppress weeds. In the fields, natural weed populations were used while the controlled experiments employed Elytrigia repens or Sinapis alba as a model weed. The purpose was to quantify weed suppressive ability of the crops, the impact of weeds on crop yield, and to identify crop traits responsible for the effects on weeds and crop yield. Preliminary results from the controlled experiment in Sweden showed that the presence of a crop (sole crop or intercrop) significantly diminished the growth of E. repens. The ability to compete (weed suppressive ability) was lower in peas, compared to barley and the intercrop. No significant differences were found in the ability to withstand competition (weed tolerance) between sole cropped pea, sole cropped barley, and the intercrop. In the field experiment, the overall weed pressure was rather high (> 500 g DM plot-1). No significant differences in total dry matter were found for spring barley, sown in different proportions in pea/spring barley mixtures. Total dry matter of peas was related to pea seeding density. Preliminary results from the field experiment in Poland showed that crops significantly suppressed weeds compared with the treatment containing only weeds. In the crop combination containing sole peas and 70% peas + 30% spring barley, the crop was not able to suppress the weeds as efficient as in treatments with a higher proportion of spring barley. No significant differences in seed yield were found between the treatments. In the glass house experiment with E. repens, the rhizome dry weight and rhizome length were significantly lower in treatments with both crop and weeds as compared with pure weeds

Changes in weed infestation of spring barley depending on variable pluvio-thermal conditions

The aim of the study was to analyze segetal weeds present in spring barley against the background of changes in pluvio-thermal conditions observed over the last 20 years (1993–2012) at the Field Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Winna Góra, Poland. Based on the mean value of the Sielianinov hydrothermal coefficient for the three months of spring vegetation, i.e., April, May, and June, three classes of pluvio-thermal conditions (very dry, moderately dry, humid) were distinguished. The phytosociological stability of weed species analyzed during the study period was assessed and the Shannon–Wiener index of species diversity in the communities and the Simpson dominance index were calculated for segetal weeds present in spring barley. In the 20-year period analyzed, Chenopodium album and Viola arvensis exhibited the highest phytosociological stability and the highest abundance in the spring barley crop. Over the years analyzed, the dry spring vegetation periods were characterized by significant precipitation deficiency between late April and mid-June. In the years with favorable meteorological conditions, the weed species diversity measured by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was higher than in the years with precipitation deficiency. In the very dry years, the species dominance index in the spring vegetation period was higher than in the wet years. The yield loss caused by weed infestation in the very dry years was higher by 6% as compared to moderately dry and wet years