Annual Marks in the Sagittae Otoliths of the Bluegill and Their Use in Age Determination in a Thermally Perturbed Environment

This investigation was undertaken to determine if annual marks were present in the otoliths of the Bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, and to explore their possible use as ageing structures in a thermally perturbed environment. Two populations were studied; one from a farm pond with marked seasonal changes and the other from Lake Sanchris which serves as a cooling reservoir in central Illinois. Age determinations were made on 53 and 45 fish from the farm pond and Lake Sanchris respectively. Annual marks were found to occur in the sagittae otoliths of the bluegill. These marks showed bright amber in sectioned otoliths under transmitted light. Confirmation of the marks as annual was accomplished by comparison with scale ages and growth curves. Total percent agreement between readers was 68% and 87% for scales and otoliths respectively, (x2 = 0.9878, .

Entanglement Cost of Nonlocal Measurements

For certain joint measurements on a pair of spatially separated particles, we ask how much entanglement is needed to carry out the measurement exactly. For a class of orthogonal measurements on two qubits with partially entangled eigenstates, we present upper and lower bounds on the entanglement cost. The upper bound is based on a recent result by D. Berry [Phys. Rev. A 75, 032349 (2007)]. The lower bound, based on the entanglement production capacity of the measurement, implies that for almost all measurements in the class we consider, the entanglement required to perform the measurement is strictly greater than the average entanglement of its eigenstates. On the other hand, we show that for any complete measurement in d x d dimensions that is invariant under all local Pauli operations, the cost of the measurement is exactly equal to the average entanglement of the states associated with the outcomes.Comment: 14 pages; new result in v4: cost of an arbitrary measurement invariant under local Pauli operation

The Impact of Strategic Leadership Program as ODI on the Usage Accounting Information System and Financial Performance

This study aimed to examinethe impact of Strategic Leadership Program (SLP) as organization development interventions (ODI) on the Usage Accounting Information System and Financial Performance.Strategic Leadership Program (SLP) designed as intervention programs, implemented to enhance Strategic Leadership Mindset (SLM) in Optics Groups, one of the market leader of eyeglasses industry in Indonesia. In this research the programs consist of four themes to enhance the strategic leadership index. The themes includes: (1) The roles of leadership;  (2) Value Chain; (3) Human Capital and (4) Four Types of Cultures.The data analyzed and confirm that the SLP as ODI has succeeded to bring the improvement of SLM of the leaders which created an impacton the level of accounting information system usage and financial performance. Additionally, the monthly survey show concomitand finding on employee satisfaction and competitive advantage indexthat the intervention did not only solve the financial problems but also improve the non-financial performance because of the effect of accounting information system usage.

Degenerate Variational Integrators for Magnetic Field Line Flow and Guiding Center Trajectories

Symplectic integrators offer many advantages for the numerical solution of Hamiltonian differential equations, including bounded energy error and the preservation of invariant sets. Two of the central Hamiltonian systems encountered in plasma physics --- the flow of magnetic field lines and the guiding center motion of magnetized charged particles --- resist symplectic integration by conventional means because the dynamics are most naturally formulated in non-canonical coordinates, i.e., coordinates lacking the familiar $(q, p)$ partitioning. Recent efforts made progress toward non-canonical symplectic integration of these systems by appealing to the variational integration framework; however, those integrators were multistep methods and later found to be numerically unstable due to parasitic mode instabilities. This work eliminates the multistep character and, therefore, the parasitic mode instabilities via an adaptation of the variational integration formalism that we deem ``degenerate variational integration''. Both the magnetic field line and guiding center Lagrangians are degenerate in the sense that their resultant Euler-Lagrange equations are systems of first-order ODEs. We show that retaining the same degree of degeneracy when constructing a discrete Lagrangian yields one-step variational integrators preserving a non-canonical symplectic structure on the original Hamiltonian phase space. The advantages of the new algorithms are demonstrated via numerical examples, demonstrating superior stability compared to existing variational integrators for these systems and superior qualitative behavior compared to non-conservative algorithms