Experiment K-6-18. Study of muscarinic and gaba (benzodiazepine) receptors in the sensory-motor cortex, hippcampus and spinal code

Frontal lobe samples of rat brains flown aboard Cosmos 1887 were processed for the study of muscarinic (cholinergic) and GABA (benzodiazepine) receptors and for immunocytochemical localization of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Although radioactive labeling of both muscarinic cholinergic and GABA (benzodiazepine) receptors proved to be successful with the techniques employed, distinct receptor localization of individual laminae of the frontal neocortex was not possible since the sampling of the area was different in the various groups of animals. In spite of efforts made for proper orientation and regional identification of laminae, it was found that a densitometric (quantitation of autoradiograms) analysis of the tissue did not contribute to the final interpretation of the effects of weightlessness on these receptors. As to the immunocytochemical studies the use of both markers, GFAP and GABA antiserum, confirmed the suitability of the techniques for use in frozen material. However, similar problems to those encountered in the receptor studies prevented an adequate interpretation of the effects of micro-G exposure on the localization and distribution of GABA and GFAP. This study did, however, confirm the feasibility of investigating neurotransmitters and their receptors in future space flight experiments

Actual Issues of Marriage Registration: Engagement and Digitalization

This article discusses the positive and negative aspects of digitalization, on the basis of which the expediency of using information technologies in the state registration of marriage is determined.For a full analysis of the topic, the article also reveals the role of digitalization in the emergence of a remote method of applying for marriage. Statistics are provided showing which methods of applying are more in demand among citizens, offline or online. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the changes in these statistics is described. Recommendations are put forward to eliminate the existing gaps in the family law of the Russian Federation. After studying foreign experience, the idea of introducing a new legal institution in the form of an engagement is proposed. At the end of the work, the prospects for the use of information technologies for the effective implementation of the proposed innovations are assessed, a description of digitalization and its place in the marriage procedure is given, potential corruption and other risks associated with its implementation are highlighted, the traditional nature of marital relations and the innovative nature of digitalization are compared.The authors comes to the conclusion that modern technologies should only perform an auxiliary function in marriage.This conclusion is based both on the symbolic and historical significance of marriage and on the general principles of family law. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, comparison, concretization, generalization, classification, study of scientific and legal literature and legal acts

The effect of accelerated cooling on the structure of pipe steels for thermomechanical controlled processing

Scanning electron microscopy with orientation analysis by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method is used to study microstructures and textures formed in low-carbon low-alloy pipe steel after thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) and subsequent quenching with cooling rates of 50 to 700 °/s. It has been established that, in the range of industrial rates of cooling between 50 and 350 °/s from austenitic regions, the γ→α transformation starts at temperatures of 700-670 °C and proceeds by the shear mechanism. As a result, a bainite structure of different dispersity with martensitic inclusions is predominantly formed. © 2018 Author(s)

Feasibility of a Small, Rapid Optical-to-IR Response, Next Generation Gamma Ray Burst Mission

We present motivations for and study feasibility of a small, rapid optical to IR response gamma ray burst (GRB) space observatory. By analyzing existing GRB data, we give realistic detection rates for X-ray and optical/IR instruments of modest size under actual flight conditions. Given new capabilities of fast optical/IR response (about 1 s to target) and simultaneous multi-band imaging, such an observatory can have a reasonable event rate, likely leading to new science. Requiring a Swift-like orbit, duty cycle, and observing constraints, a Swift-BAT scaled down to 190 square cm of detector area would still detect and locate about 27 GRB per yr. for a trigger threshold of 6.5 sigma. About 23 percent of X-ray located GRB would be detected optically for a 10 cm diameter instrument (about 6 per yr. for the 6.5 sigma X-ray trigger).Comment: Elaborated text version of a poster presented at 2012 Malaga/Marbella symposiu

Влияние структуры совета директоров на финансовые результаты компании

Subject of study — role of corporate governance practices in managing the largest Russian banks. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that decisions affecting financial results of companies depend on socio-demographic characteristics of their decision-makers and technology of these decisions. The Board of Directors is the body that controls the activities of management, and the efficiency of management decisions depends on its structure. The aim of the study is to estimate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of directors on financial results of banks. In this research the authors use such method as panel regression analysis to estimate the significance of the obtained results. The sample captures the data on 6 largest Russian banks by total assets for the period 2011–2020. As the result, gender board diversity has a positive and statistically significant impact both on ROA and ROE. Meanwhile, the influence of national diversity on ROE is insignificant whereas the effect of this variable on ROA is significant and negative. In addition to board diversity features, business size is also an important determinant of profitability. The negative influence of this indicator should not be understood literally. The largest Russian banks are examined in this article, so the growth in the volume of their assets is associated with a decline in profitability in relative terms. The analysis also reveals that board independence and leverage do not affect profitability. Conclusion confirm a positive influence of board gender diversity on financial performance of Russian banks. Along with that, a negative impact of national diversity and an insignificant impact of board independence refute the results reported by both foreign and Russian authors. Further research on the influence of corporate governance practices on financial performance of Russian companies is required.Предмет исследования — роль процедур корпоративного управления в крупнейших российских банках. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что решения, влияющие на финансовые результаты компаний, зачастую зависят от личных характеристик лиц, их принимающих, и технологии принятия этих решений. Совет директоров является органом, который контролирует деятельность менеджмента, и от его структуры зависит продуктивность управленческих решений. Цель работы — оценка влияния социо-демографических характеристик совета директоров на финансовые результаты компаний. Авторы применяют метод панельного регрессионного анализа для оценки статистической значимости получаемых результатов. Выборка содержит данные о шести крупнейших российских банках (по объему активов на 2022 г.) за период 2011–2020 гг. В результате выявлено, что гендерное разнообразие в совете директоров имеет статистически значимое положительное влияние как на общую прибыльность, так и на прибыльность собственного капитала банков. В то же время эффект присутствия иностранных граждан в составе совета незначителен при оценке прибыльности собственного капитала, но имеет негативное влияние на общую прибыльность компании. Помимо характеристик совета директоров, значимым фактором при оценке прибыльности компании оказался размер банка. Негативная роль этого показателя не должна восприниматься буквально. Проанализированы наиболее крупные банки России, поэтому дальнейший рост объема их активов связан с уменьшением прибыльности в относительных показателях. Показано, что доля независимых директоров и уровень закредитованности банков не имели статистически значимого влияния на прибыльность банков. Выводы исследования подтверждают позитивное влияние гендерного разнообразия в совете директоров на результаты компании. В то же время негативная связь между иностранными директорами и прибыльностью и отсутствие влияния коэффициента независимости идут вразрез с выводами большинства зарубежных и российских авторов. Требуется дальнейшее изучение влияния процедур корпоративного управления на финансовые результаты компании

Monitoring and Quality Control of Diesel Fraction Production Process

In this work the mathematical model of diesel fraction and atmospheric gasoil catalytic dewaxing process has been developed. Also the pattern of applying the created model to solving such problems as monitoring and quality control of diesel fraction production in the catalytic dewaxing process. It has been represented that to meet such challenges, the model should take into consideration thermodynamic and kinetic laws of hydrocarbon conversion on the catalyst surface, and instability factors that are specified by catalyst deactivation. The developed model allows controlling the quality of obtained diesel fraction depending on feed and temperature regime in the reactor. The value of model calculation absolute error does not exceed 2%, which corroborates the adequacy of the model to actual process. The computations using the model have shown that to provide the desired product yield (not less than 40% wt. of overall yield of the unit products) of programmed quality (cold filtering plugging point not higher than minus 34°C for winter diesel fuels and not lower than minus 40°C for arctic ones) at long-time catalyst operation (during 4 years), it is necessary to sustain the reactor temperature at the average level of 19°C higher than when working with fresh catalyst. This must be done to compensate catalyst activity loss due to its deactivation