Аксиомы, разрушающие право

The article deals with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case about the legality of the refusal of Russian authorities to register marriage relations for three same-sex couples. In the first part, the author criticizes this decision, as he believes that the European Court of Justice (ECHR) bases its arguments and conclusions on a new axiomatics. The development of law, including in the direction of humanization, is a natural and even necessary process. But, in the author’s opinion, this process has limits, and to revise them is dangerous, first of all, for the law itself, because for the freedom of individual choice, some social institutions, which are the pillars of society, are sacrificed. Among the new axioms on which the ECHR bases its decisions, the author singles out the following: the state is obliged to ensure basic rights and freedoms concerning private and family life, without going into the moral context; the state’s appeal to moral imperatives in the sphere of private and family life is discrimination; there are virtually no borders between the concepts of personal (private) life and family life; finally, the person has the right to any choice, because he is the owner (the complete and exclusive owner) of his body. The second part of the article attempts to justify the criticism of the ECHR decisions that protect the right to form legally significant same-sex unions. The author’s main point is that European law grew up on the basis of the Christian ethical system and the erosion of the moral imperatives inherent in this system serves the erosion and subsequent destruction of the law itself.В статье рассматривается решение Европейского суда по правам человека по делу о правомерности отказа российских властей в регистрации брачных отношений трем однополым парам. В первой части автор подвергает критике это решение, поскольку считает, что Европейский суд (ЕСПЧ) основывает свои доводы и выводы, применяя новую аксиоматику. Развитие права, в том числе в сторону гуманизации — процесс естественный и даже необходимый. Но, по мнению автора, этот процесс имеет границы, пересматривать которые опасно, прежде всего, для самого права, ибо ради свободы индивидуального выбора в жертву приносятся некоторые социальные институты, которые составляют опору общества. Среди новых аксиом, на которых ЕСПЧ основывает свои решения, автор выделяет следующие: государство обязано обеспечивать основные права и свободы, касающиеся личной и семейной жизни, не вдаваясь в моральный контекст; апелляция государства к моральным императивам в сфере личной и семейной жизни является дискриминацией; практически не существует границ между понятиями «личная (частная) жизнь» и «семейная жизнь», наконец, человек имеет право на любой выбор, ибо он является хозяином (полным и исключительным собственником) своего тела. Во второй части статьи предпринята попытка обосновать критику решений ЕСПЧ, защищающих право на создание юридически значимых однополых союзов. Основная мысль автора сводится к тому, что европейское право выросло на основе христианской этической системы и размывание моральных императивов, свойственных этой системе, служит размыванию и последующему разрушению самого права

Analysis of stability and near-equilibrium dynamics of self-assembled Casimir cavities

Vacuum fluctuations are a fundamental and irremovable property of a quantized electromagnetic field. These fluctuations are the cause of the Casimir effect -- mutual attraction of two electrically neutral metallic plates in vacuum in the absence of any other interactions. For most geometries and materials, Casimir effect is strictly attractive, leading to the only stable equilibrium configuration with merged plates. Recent observation showed, however, that this unavoidable vacuum-induced attraction can be mitigated by the presence of electrostatic repulsion produced by the formation of double electric layers, and a stable equilibrium between two charged metallic plates in a solution of an organic salt can be reached. Here, we study theoretically in details equilibrium configurations and their dynamical behavior in the system of two parallel metallic films coupled by the Casimir and electrostatic interactions. We analyze the effect of various parameters of the system -- such as the salt concentartion and temperature -- on the equilibrium cavity thicknesses, inspect resonant properties of the resulting an-harmonic optomechanical system near equilibrium, and examine its stochastic dynamics under the influence of thermal fluctuations of the environment

Criterion assessment of soil transport structure stability

This paper considers features in forming stress -strain state (SSS) and stability of soil transport structures (cut and embankment) on the basis of calculation with the certified finite element method (FEM) GenIDE32. Numerical calculations make it possible to see the whole process of modeling organization of a soil structure: places where “plasticity” zones appear and develop, gradual formation of a landslide body. The analysis of SSS uses graphs of changes of SSS trajectories in the space of invariants of stress tensor σij and relative deformations εij in important nods and finite elements located at the sliding lines. At each step of modeling stability of depression or embankment is evaluated. Many signs indicate the termination of the landslide body formation. Noted in figures and graphs evolution of a landslide prism allows one to understand where the system is from the condition at which the landslide body formed: kstmin=1,00±0,02≈[kst]=1,00

Сравнительный анализ коллекций научных журналов

Разработан подход для сравнительного анализа коллекций научных журналов на основе анализа графа соавторств и модели текста. Использование временных рядов метрик графа соавторства позволило провести анализ тенденций в развитии коллабораций авторов журнала. Модель текста была построена с помощью методов машинного обучения. При помощи модели текста была произведена классификация контента журналов для выявления степени аутентичности различных журналов и различных выпусков одного журнала. Разработана метрика Коэффициент контентной аутентичности, позволяющая количественно оценивать аутентичность коллекций журналов в сравнении. Сравнительный тематический анализ коллекций журналов выполнен с использованием тематической модели с аддитивной регуляризацией. На основании созданной тематической модели авторами построены тематические профили архивов журналов в едином тематическом базисе. Разработанный подход был применен к архивам двух журналов по тематике Ревматология за период 2000 – 2018 гг. В качестве эталона для сравнения метрик соавторств были взяты публичные наборы данных научной лаборатории SNAP Стендфордского университета. Проведено сравнение коллабораций соавторов журналов по тематике Ревматология с эталонными коллаборациями авторов. Произведено количественное сопоставление больших объемов текстов и метаданных научных статей. В результате проведенного авторами эксперимента с использованием разработанных методик показано, что контентная аутентичность выбранных журналов составляет 89%, соавторства в одном из журналов имеют ярко выраженную центральность, что является отличительной чертой редакционной политики. Наглядность и непротиворечивость полученных результатов подтверждает эффективность предложенного подхода. Разработанный в ходе эксперимента код на языке программирования Python может быть применен для сравнительного анализа других коллекций журналов на русском языке

The Neuronal Overexpression of Gclc in Drosophila melanogaster Induces Life Extension With Longevity-Associated Transcriptomic Changes in the Thorax

Some effects of aging in animals are tissue-specific. In D. melanogaster neuronal overexpression of Gclc increases lifespan and improves certain physiological parameters associated with health benefits such as locomotor activity, circadian rhythmicity, and stress resistance. Our previous transcriptomic analyses of Drosophila heads, primarily composed of neuronal tissue, revealed significant changes in expression levels of genes involved in aging-related signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, MAPK, FOXO, Notch, mTOR, TGF-beta), translation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, proteasomal degradation, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, regulation of circadian rhythms, differentiation of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Considering that various tissues age differently and age-related gene expression changes are tissue-specific, we investigated the effects of neuronal Gclc overexpression on gene expression levels in the imago thorax, which is primarily composed of muscles. A total of 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed between thoraces of control and Gclc overexpressing flies. The Gclc level demonstrated associations with expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythmicity, the genes in categories related to the muscle system process and the downregulation of genes involved in proteolysis. Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate. Thus, the transcriptomic changes caused by neuron-specific Gclc overexpression in the thorax were less pronounced than in the head and affected pathways also differed from previous results. Although these pathways don't belong to the canonical longevity pathways, we suggest that they could participate in the delay of aging of Gclc overexpressing flies

Magnetic-Responsive Doxorubicin-Containing Materials Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with a SiO2/PEG Shell and Study of Their Effects on Cancer Cell Lines

Novel nanocomposite materials based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with silica and covalently modified by [(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl]succinic acid–polyethylene glycol (PEG 3000) conjugate, which provides a high level of doxorubicin (Dox) loading, were obtained. The efficiency of Dox desorption from the surface of nanomaterials under the action of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in acidic and neutral media was evaluated. Their high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, as well as the drug release upon application of AMF, which leads to an increase in the cytotoxic effect, was demonstrated

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Immune status of healthy infants and infants suffering from thymomegalia

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of dunbar syndrome in children

Aim: To determine the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of Dunbar syndrome in children. Methods: Scientific work was carried out based on the "Republican Children's Clinical Hospital" and the "City Children's Clinical Hospital", Cheboksary. The basis of this study was a survey of 200 children with celiac artery compression syndrome. The results obtained in the course of the work were analyzed on the basis of the Department of Children's Diseases of the I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University. In addition to routine diagnostic methods, Instrumental methods have been adopted: ultrasound Doppler scanning (Hitachi Vision Avius, Japan), CT angiography (SOMATOM Emotion, SIEMENS (China), Revolution EVO, GE (Russia)) and Magnetic resonance angiography (Optima MR450w 1.5, USA). The duration of the study is short (after surgery) and long-term (up to 2 years). Results: Dunbar syndrome is more often observed in girls, which in 75% of cases is accompanied by signs of chronic abdominal ischemia. Significant and prolonged stenosis of the celiac artery can cause the development of a number of complications (pancreatic-duodenal artery aneurysms, etc.)