Kinetics of dislocation ensembles in deformable irradiated materials

The development of plastic instability in the initial deformation stages of irradiated materials is studied. The dependence of the fraction of dislocations which overcome obstacles in the dynamic regime (dislocation ‘‘channeling’’) on the degree of radiation hardening (irradiation dose) and the dislocation velocity is analyzed. It is shown that this effect plays a role in radiation embrittlement of reactor materialsyesBelgorod State Universit

MULTIVALUED SYMPTOMS PSYCHOTHERAPY

This article describes how the rapid development of modern psychotherapy led to a wide variety of areas, and schools, making it difficult to even its single definition. In domestic psychotherapy are two different areas: clinical and psychological therapy, which differ on the project (patients and clients) and their means, which makes their differences with respect to the diagnosis. In psychological therapy services primarily mentally healthy individuals (clients) with personal and situational problems, which are reflected in the symbolic form of symptoms, psychiatric diagnosis and, therefore, is of secondary importance. While clinical psychotherapy busy treating people with mental disorders, for which the identification of symptoms and psychiatric diagnosis is essential. The expediency of psychiatric diagnosis prior to psychological therapy. The expediency of adequate combined use of psychopharmacological and psychological tools in clinical psychotherapy. The analysis of the differences between the concepts of the phenomenon and psychopathological symptoms. Describes the idea of the systemic nature of psychopathological symptoms and justifying the importance of symptomatic therapy

Estrogen regulation of apoptosis: how can one hormone stimulate and inhibit?

The link between estrogen and the development and proliferation of breast cancer is well documented. Estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms in many cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogen induces apoptosis in breast cancer and other cell types. Forty years ago, before the development of tamoxifen, high-dose estrogen was used to induce tumor regression of hormone-dependent breast cancer in post-menopausal women. While the mechanisms by which estrogen induces apoptosis were not completely known, recent evidence from our laboratory and others demonstrates the involvement of the extrinsic (Fas/FasL) and the intrinsic (mitochondria) pathways in this process. We discuss the different apoptotic signaling pathways involved in E2 (17β-estradiol)-induced apoptosis, including the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa-B)-mediated survival pathway as well as the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathway. Breast cancer cells can also be sensitized to estrogen-induced apoptosis through suppression of glutathione by BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine). This finding has implications for the control of breast cancer with low-dose estrogen and other targeted therapeutic drugs

Kinetics of dislocation ensembles in deformable irradiated materials

yesThe development of plastic instability in the initial deformation stages of irradiated materials is studied. The dependence of the fraction of dislocations which overcome obstacles in the dynamic regime (dislocation ‘‘channeling’’) on the degree of radiation hardening (irradiation dose) and the dislocation velocity is analyzed. It is shown that this effect plays a role in radiation embrittlement of reactor materialsBelgorod State Universit

Amorphous nanostructured composites Al₂O₃:nC with enhanced sorption affinity to La(III), Ce(III), U(VI) ions in aqueous solution

The nanostructured AlO3:nC composites with enhanced chemical activity and higher solubility of oxide in acids have been synthesized. For the synthesis, an organometallic precursor, produced by thermal treatment of a mixture of Al(NO3)3·9H2O with ethylene glycol, was heated in helium atmosphere at 700–1100 °C. X-ray powder diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of a homogeneous amorphous mass with indistinguishable boundaries between the oxide and carbon components at 700–1000 °C, while annealing at 1100 °C provoked the crystallization of γ-AlO3 nanoparticles, forming a clear AlO3/carbon interface. This specific microstructure provides a high sorption affinity of the composite for La (III), Ce (III), U (VI) ions in aqueous solutions, which is significantly higher than that of microcrystalline aluminum oxides