Batch pulping on the basis of natural substandard siliceous materials

It is shown that using silica sand of Tugansk deposit (Tomsk region) and marshalite of Elbash deposit (Novosibirsk region) having more developed specific surface in comparison with silica sand of Tashlin deposit (Ulyanovsk region) in combination with their grain defective structure provides an increase of batch chemical activity at the stage of silica- and glass-formation. The effective method of preparing glass batch using substandard fine-dispersed siliceous materials in glass production is their compaction

A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, Giles, 1902, Ifakara strain

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Anopheles gambiae (the malaria mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae), Ifakara strain. The genome sequence is 264 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length

Популяционный и субпопуляционный состав лимфоцитов и функциональная активность нейтрофил в у больных бронхиальной астмой разного возраста

This work is devoted to population spectrum of lymphocytes and oxlgen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils in 140 moderate persisting asthma patients of young, middle and old ages. Markers of persisting inflammation such as increased levels of immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes, considerable activation of spontaneous and induced NST-test, increased in elderly, various shifts In lymphocyte populations and subpopulations were revealed in all the groups. These features require additional attention of a doctor and special therapeutic measures.Настоящая работа посвящена изучению популяционного спектра лимфоцитов, кислородзависимого метаболизма нейтрофилов у 140 больных с умеренно персистирующей бронхиальной астмой в трех группах: молодого, среднего, пожилого возраста. Во всех группах выявлены маркеры персистирую щ его воспаления: повышение уровней иммуноглобулина Е и циркулирую щ их иммунных комплексов, значительная активация спонтанного и индуцированного ЫЗТ-теста, усиливающаяся у пожилых больных, разнонаправленные изменения в популяционном и субпопуляционном составе лимфоцитов, что требует дополнительного внимания врача и проведения лечебных мероприятий

Long-term outcomes of combined coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes

At present, there are no studies on the analysis of the incidence of complications in patients with concomitant lesions of the coronary and internal carotid arteries (ICA) after combined operation of carotid endarterectomy (CE) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) against the background of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is no doubt that this condition can be a predictor of cardiovascular and wound complications during in-hospital and long-term postoperative periods.Aim. To study in-hospital and long-term outcomes of combined CABG+CE in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. This multicenter retrospective study for the period from January 2015 to December 2019 included 653 patients with concomitant atherosclerotic lesions of ICA and coronary arteries, who underwent combined CE+CABG. Depending on presence of type 2 diabetes, 2 groups were formed: group 1 (n=183) — patients with type 2 diabetes; group 2 (n=471) — patients without type 2 diabetes. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 37,8±14,9 months.Results. During hospitalization, significant differences in the incidence of death (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =1,0%; p=0,97), myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76), bleeding events (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76) were not detected. However, stroke (group 1 =3,8%; group 2 =0,4%; p=0,0008), sternal wound infection and mediastinitis (group 1 =3,3%; group 2 =0,2%; p=0,0006) were significantly more often developed in patients with type 2 diabetes.In the long-term follow-up period, death (group 1 =6,6%; group 2 =1,1%; p<0,0001), MI (group 1 =4,9%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,0008), stroke (group 1 =7,7%; group 2 =1,5%; p<0,0001), ICA restenosis (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p<0,0001), repeated emergency myocardial revascularization (group 1 =7,2%; group 2 =1,5%; p=0,0002), repeated emergency cerebral revascularization (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p<0,0001) were significantly more often recorded in patients with type 2 diabetes.Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and its comparison using the log rank test revealed that the death, MI, and stroke were also significantly more often observed in patients with type 2 diabetes (p=0,0007, p=0,003, p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with type 2 diabetes who are referred for combined CE+CABG are at an increased risk of stroke, sternal wound infection and mediastinitis in the in-hospital postoperative period, as well as all adverse cardiovascular events in the long-term follow-up period

Origin of Galactic and Extragalactic Magnetic Fields

A variety of observations suggest that magnetic fields are present in all galaxies and galaxy clusters. These fields are characterized by a modest strength (10^{-7}-10^{-5} G) and huge spatial scale (~Mpc). It is generally assumed that magnetic fields in spiral galaxies arise from the combined action of differential rotation and helical turbulence, a process known as the alpha-omega dynamo. However fundamental questions concerning the nature of the dynamo as well as the origin of the seed fields necessary to prime it remain unclear. Moreover, the standard alpha-omega dynamo does not explain the existence of magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies and clusters. The author summarizes what is known observationally about magnetic fields in galaxies, clusters, superclusters, and beyond. He then reviews the standard dynamo paradigm, the challenges that have been leveled against it, and several alternative scenarios. He concludes with a discussion of astrophysical and early Universe candidates for seed fields.Comment: 67 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physic

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion