Polymorphic beams and Nature inspired circuits for optical current

Laser radiation pressure is a basis of numerous applications in science and technology such as atom cooling, particle manipulation, material processing, etc. This light force for the case of scalar beams is proportional to the intensity-weighted wavevector known as optical current. The ability to design the optical current according to the considered application brings new promising perspectives to exploit the radiation pressure. However, this is a challenging problem because it often requires confinement of the optical current within tight light curves (circuits) and adapting its local value for a particular task. Here, we present a formalism to handle this problem including its experimental demonstration. It consists of a Nature-inspired circuit shaping with independent control of the optical current provided by a new kind of beam referred to as polymorphic beam. This finding is highly relevant to diverse optical technologies and can be easily extended to electron and x-ray coherent beams

Design and implementation of flexible laboratory system for beam propagation study through weak atmospheric turbulence

Different applications such as astronomy, remote optical sensing and free space optical communications, among others, require both numerical and laboratory experimental simulations of beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere prior to an outdoor test. While rotating phase plates or hot chambers can be applied to such studies, they do not allow changing the atmospheric conditions and the propagation distance in situ. In contrast, the spatial light modulators (SLMs) are a flexible alternative for experimental turbulence simulation. In this work we consider an experimental setup comprising two SLMs for studying laser beam propagation in weak atmospheric turbulence. The changes of atmospheric conditions and propagation distances are properly achieved by the adjustment of the phase screens and the focal distances of digital lenses implemented in both SLMs. The proposed system can be completely automatized and all its elements are in fixed positions avoiding mechanical misalignment. Its design, propagation distance and atmospheric condition adjustment are provided. The setup performance is verified by numerical simulation of Gaussian beam propagation in the weak turbulence regime. The obtained parameters: scintillation index, beam wander and spreading are compared to their theoretical counterparts for different propagation distances and atmospheric conditions

The Problems of Ensuring the Quality of Experts’ Work: the Case of Media Content Evaluation in the Russian Federation

The paper deals with the problems of ensuring the quality of expert’s activities which results are used in public administration. As a case, one type of expert evaluation is examined. This type has appeared about six years ago, according to the Federal Law N 436-FZ On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development, with the purpose to assess the age rating of media content in difficult or disputable cases. The research focuses on two topics: what errors and abuses happen in the practice of expert evaluations; how the procedures of quality ensuring work. Empirical data for analysis include the texts of expert evaluations over the period 2013–2017 years (N 105) and semi-structured interviews with accredited experts (N 10). It was revealed that the quality of expert evaluations is diverse and in some cases is far from satisfactory. Some evaluations can be questioned because of their noncompliance with the law and formal criteria of academic papers. Meanwhile, obvious procedures to ensure quality are not designed in the law or exist but do not actually work. The results of evaluations of similar products differ from each other because of the absence of common methods, common theoretical ground, and unified format of evaluation. The government control of the experts’ work quality and the self-regulation of expert community are very weak. Those circumstances create conditions for distorted attitude of stakeholders to expert evaluation: not as a supplement tool for enforcement of the law on children media safety but as self-sufficient instrument of private interest protection and influence on media

Причины и особенности долговременной изменчивости ледовитости Баренцева моря

Based on the spectral analysis of a number of estimates of the ice extent of the Barents Sea, obtained from instrumental observational data for 1900–2014, and for the selected CMIP5 project models (MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESMMR and GFDL-CM3) for 1900–2005, a typical period of ~60‑year inter-annual variability associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in conditions of a general significant decrease in the ice extent of the Barents Sea, which, according to observations and model calculations, was 20 and 15%, respectively, which confirms global warming. The maximum contribution to the total dispersion of temperature, ice cover of the Barents Sea, AMO, introduces variability with periods of more than 20 years and trends that are 47, 20, 51% and 33, 57, 30%, respectively. On the basis of the cross correlation analysis,  significant links have been established between the ice extent of the Barents Sea, AMO, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for the  period 1900–2014. A significant negative connection (R = −0.8) of ice cover and Atlantic multi-decadal oscillations was revealed at periods of more than 20 years with a shift of 1–2 years; NAO and ice cover (R = −0.6) with a shift of 1–2 years for periods of 10–20 years; AMO and NAO (R = −0.4 ÷ −0.5) with a 3‑year shift with AMO leading at 3–4, 6–8 and more than 20 years. The periods of the ice cover growth are specified: 1950–1980 and the reduction of the ice cover: the 1920–1950 and the 1980–2010 in the Barents Sea. Intensification of the transfer of warm waters from the North Atlantic to the Arctic basin, under the atmospheric influence caused by the NAO, accompanied by the growth of AMO leads to an increase in temperature, salinity and a decrease of ice cover in the Barents Sea. During periods of ice cover growth, opposite tendencies appear. The decrease in the ice cover area of the entire Northern Hemisphere by 1.5 × 106 km2 since the mid-1980s. to the beginning of the 2010, identified in the present work on NOAA satellite data, confirms the results obtained on the change in ice extent in the Barents Sea.На основе анализа данных инструментальных наблюдений за 1900–2014 гг. и модельных расчётов проекта CMIP5 установлена долговременная изменчивость ледовитости Баренцева моря с характерным периодом около 60 лет, соответствующим Атлантической мультидекадной осцилляции. На основе сдвигового взаимного корреляционного анализа выявлена связь изменений температуры и ледовитости Баренцева моря с изменчивостью интенсивности атмосферной и океанической циркуляции в Северной Атлантике

Wedding Speeches and Rhymes of Perm Province in Archival Collections and Publications of the 19th —First Third of the 20th Centuries

Поступила в редакцию: 21.08.2019. Принята к печати: 20.07.2020.Submitted: 21.08.2019. Accepted: 20.07.2020.Проблема изучения свадебного обряда и поэтической составляющей ритуала разных локальных традиций и фольклорных регионов России, обращение к которой в каждом новом исследовании приближает к комплексному описанию весьма сложного явления традиционной культуры — русского свадебного обряда в его региональных и локальных вариантах, — остается актуальной в отечественной фольклористике. Цель настоящей работы — представить опубликованные и архивные записи свадебных приговоров, записанные на территории Пермской губернии в середине XIX — первой трети XX в., показать специфические черты этого жанра в Пермском регионе. Анализируя имеющиеся материалы, автор выделяет некоторые «типовые» элементы текстов, как характерные для «общерусского» фонда жанра, так и зафиксированные только в отдельных локальных традициях России, а также показывает наиболее яркие специфические поэтико-стилистические детали местной говорной традиции. Сравнение с записями других территорий позволило вписать пермские материалы в более широкий культурно-географический контекст, показать схождения с «общерусским» фондом жанра, говорить о текстологической близости пермских записей с текстами отдельных локальных традиций Русского Севера и Поволжья. Отмечены процессы, свойственные жанру в целом: его способность к усвоению и творческой переработке фольклорных и литературных произведений, использованию поэтического инвентаря и художественно-стилистических приемов обрядовой лирики, заговорно-заклинательной поэзии. В работе затрагиваются проблемы соотношения общефольклорного / локального репертуара, сходство фольклорного материала разных регионов, возникшее в результате миграций населения, межкультурного обмена.The issue of exploring wedding rites and their poetic component of different local traditions and folklore regions of Russia is a relevant sphere of Russian folklore studies. The consideration of the issue in each new study brings researchers closer to a complex description of a very intricate phenomenon of traditional culture, i.e. the Russian wedding rite in its regional / local versions. The aim of this work is to present and analyse published and archival materials of wedding speeches and rhymes recorded in the territory of Perm province between the nineteenth and the first third of the twentieth centuries. Analysing the materials, the author identifies “typical” elements of poetic texts which are characteristic of the “common Russian” fund of the genre or recorded only in certain local traditions of Russia, as well as specific poetic and stylistic details of the Perm tradition. Comparison with records of other territories makes it possible to include Perm materials into a wider cultural and geographical context, demonstrate their convergence with the “common Russian” fund of the genre and the textual proximity of Perm records to texts of local traditions of the Russian North and the Volga region. The author points out processes characteristic of the genre as a whole, i.e. its creative ability to adopt and use folklore and literary works, use the poetic means and the artistic and stylistic methods of ritual lyrics and incantation and charm poetry. Additionally, the article focuses on issues of correlation between general and local folklore repertoire, the similarity of folklore material of different regions which arose as a result of population migration and intercultural exchange.The work was performed under grant 18-012-00202a of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “Russian Wedding Speeches in Manuscripts of the 19th — the First Third of the 20th Centuries”.Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РФФИ (№ 18-012-00202а «Русские свадебные приговоры в рукописях XIX — первой трети XX вв.»)

A contribution of H.-G.Gabashi (1863-1936) to the modernization of the intellectual culture of the Tatar people in the late XIX - Early XX centuries

© Serials Publications. The urgency of the problem under study is important due to the fact that during the formation of post-industrial society at the turn of the twentieth-XXI centuries there were some problems between carriers of Muslim and Western cultural traditions. Those challenges have all worsened during that period. It was one of the main reasons for migration crisis in modern Western Europe and the former Soviet Union. In this connection it is necessary to call attention to the century-long historical experience of cultural adaptation of the Muslim from provinces of the Volga region and the Urals of the Russian Empire in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The purpose of the article is to examine the contribution of one of the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly's cadi (spiritual judge) Hasan-Gata Gabashi to the development of the Tatar language, arts and theological concepts at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. The main approaches to the study of the problem became historical and biographical method and content analysis. The problem of adaptation of the traditional Muslim society to social and economic changes through H.-G. Gabashi's creativity and activity which was identified in the article means a lot for research. The article elaborated the main issues, which have become the subject of discussions among the Muslim clergy at the beginning of the twentieth century. The article revealed that historical figure was a supporter of the ideas of renovation of Muslim society. It was proved that H.-G. Gabashi made a great contribution to the development of language, religion and art among Russian Muslims. The contents of this article will be useful in exploring issues of national public opinion and the development of spiritual heritage and culture of the Muslim peoples of Volga and Pre-Ural regions

Focusing properties of fractal zone plates: experimental implementation with a liquid-crystal display

We report the first experimental results, to our knowledge, with fractal zone plates implemented in a liquid-crystal display. Our results largely agree with theory for the axial irradiance distribution of these lenses. The dependence of the shape and size of the focus points on critical design parameters is discussed. Additional unpredicted features are also described

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN COOKED SAUSAGE PRODUCTS USING SONOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

This paper studies the features of formation of sausage product structure in the process of cooking. It is shown that the viscosity of sausage meat varies in a complex manner and has three characteristic areas. The characteristic parameters that determine the formation of the structure of sausages for each area were found. It is established that the use of the cavitation brine gives the finished product a gentle consistence, elasticity and distinct taste that makes it more preferable for the consumer